No abstract

No abstract

The ambisense RNA genome of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) isby interaction with numerous copies of the virus encoded nucleocapsid (N) protein to form a subvirion structure called a ribonucleo-protein (RNP). RNPs are central to the viral replication cycle because they, and not free viral RNA, serve as templates for viral gene expression and genome replication. N protein monomers bind to viral RNA molecules in a cooperative manner. We have examined regions of the N protein that are involved in the N-N interactions that likely contribute to the cooperative binding of N to viral RNA. We created random and alanine scanning mutants of N and then screened the mutants for defects in N-N interaction using reverse and forward yeast two-hybrid assays. Our experiments identified residues in three distinct regions of the primary structure of the protein, residues 42 to 56, 132 to 152, and in the C-terminal 26 amino acids, that contribute to N-N dimerization or multimerization.interactions between N monomers mediated by the residues we identified are of a nonelectrostatic nature.

No abstract

Background Everyday technologies, such as laptops and tablets, are often used for enjoyment, pleasure, leisure and social participation. Despite this, whilst considerable research has investigated exploring people’s experiences of using assistive technologies, it is not clear how everyday technologies are experienced by individuals living with dementia. The aims of this review were to explore the experiences and views of people living with dementia and carers about using everyday technology to enhance their well-being and enjoyment, social engagement, participation and leisure as well as understand their views about the usability of everyday technology in dementia. Methods A systematic search of the literature was conducted using the electronic databases: PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, CINAHL Complete and EThOS. Five qualitative studies and five mixed-method studies were included and synthesised using a narrative approach. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Qualitative Quality Appraisal, which uncovered key variation in the quality of the included, synthesised studies. Findings The review suggests that everyday technologies can help support well-being, particularly when technology is used in a group setting and when individuals received the right amount of support to help engage in the technology. Four major themes relating to experiences and views were derived from the findings of the 10 included studies: ‘Technology use maintaining a sense of identity’, ‘Assumptions held by the self and others’, ‘The importance of others’ and ‘The usability of technology influencing effective engagement’. Conclusions Overall, everyday technologies appear to have a positive impact on different aspects of the well-being of people living with dementia. Clinical implications of these findings include supporting opportunities for people living with dementia to use everyday technology for enjoyment and making these technologies more widely available and accessible.