Assuming unitarity, locality, causality, and Lorentz invariance of the, otherwise unknown, UV completion, we derive a new set of constraints on the effective field theory coefficients for the most general, ghost-free Generalized Proca and Proca Nuevo massive vector models. For the Generalized Proca model, we include new interactions that had not been previously considered in the context of positivity bounds and find these additional terms lead to a widened parameter space for the previously considered interactions. Although, the Generalized Proca and Proca Nuevo models are inequivalent, we find interesting analogues between the coefficients parameterizing the two models and the roles they play in the positivity bounds.

We initiate a systematic study of the self-interactions of a massive spin-2 “graviton” consistent with up to $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 supersymmetry. Using a recently developed massive on-shell superspace formalism, we construct the most general set of cubic massive graviton amplitudes in a form with all supersymmetry and Lorentz invariance manifest. We find that for $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N ≥ 3 supersymmetry, the family of consistent interactions coincide with those of the ghost-free dRGT model. For $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 (maximal) supersymmetry there is a single consistent cubic interaction which coincides with the unique structure required for the absence of asymptotic superluminality. Additionally, we discuss the structure of interactions in the high-energy limit, connections to supersymmetric Galileons and the possibility of a supersymmetric massive double copy.

Bone marrow cytomorphology and histopathology are the cornerstones for the initial diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and other related myeloid disorders. They provide a rapid first insight into diagnostic categories and thus help in clinical decision making. However, difficulties in the morphologic assessment of MDS exist due to inter-and intra-observer variability. In this study, we directly compared the results of cytomorphology and histopathology obtained in a realworld diagnostic scenario in 90 patients with myeloid malignancies aiming to evaluate their validity for diagnosing and classifying various myeloid malignancies. While both techniques placed 80% of our bone marrow samples into the same diagnostic category and thus showed a good correlation, our study also demonstrates the limitations in correlating marrow cytomorphology and histopathology, even following stringent and repetitive diagnostic assessments. This was particularly true for CMML, where not only additional diagnostic tools such as molecular genetics or clinical evaluation but also the analysis of the peripheral blood smears aided in finding the correct diagnosis. Overall, our data emphasize the need for a comprehensive diagnostic review in a patient-for-patient setting when a myeloid malignancy is suspected or confirmed. We propose that the combination of cytomorphologic and histopathologic assessment with clinical, laboratory, and genetic parameters is essential in achieving high diagnostic accuracy in an interdisciplinary setting.

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