New tools for activating endodontic irrigants have evolved, yet their impact on root canal disinfection, in comparison to the passive placing of an inter-visit medication, have not yet been fully elucidated. The use of DNA- and rRNA-based methods may cast some new light on this issue, as they allow a comparison to be made between microbial presence and activity. Therefore, the aim of this single-arm intervention trial is to evaluate the antibacterial effect of endodontic procedures using both molecular methods. Root canal samples were obtained from 20 patients with asymptomatic apical periodontitis after each treatment step: access cavity, chemo-mechanical preparation, adjunctive procedures (XP-endo Finisher file and passive ultrasonic irrigation), calcium hydroxide medication, and 2nd-visit root canal preparation. DNA and cDNA from the samples were subjected to quantitative polymerase chain reaction with universal primers for the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Chemo-mechanical preparation promoted a drastic reduction in bacterial levels and activity, whereas the adjunctive procedures did not make a significant contribution to further disinfection. At the 2nd visit, bacteria were active after the use of calcium hydroxide medication; however, they were significantly reduced after a 2nd-visit preparation. Consequently, the lowest bacterial levels were found at the end of the treatment. This clinical trial, which used an rRNA and rDNA combined approach, confirmed previous studies showing that root canal preparation represents the main strategy for root canal disinfection.

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Agradeço primeiramente a Deus pelo dom da vida, por me guiar, por me orientar em os todos os meus passos e por me carregar em seu colo e me amparado nos momentos mais difíceis. Gostaria de agradecer especialmente a minha orientadora, Profa. Dra. Ericka Tavares Pinheiro, por me dar a oportunidade de desenvolver pesquisa ao seu lado. Agradeço por todos os conselhos, as dicas, as correções, e até mesmo alguns entreveros que passaram por esta relação entre orientador-orientando. Tudo isto compôs uma somatória fundamental não só para a construção de pensamento crítico e ciência, mas também ao desenvolvimento deste estudo que hoje se traduz nas páginas deste longo texto hoje entregue. Também agradeço pela maturidade de toda uma vida a seguir: antes de tudo, este momento se dedica a esta grande mestra com carinho. Agradeço a Profa. Dra. Marcia Pinto Alves Mayer que abriu as portas do

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Myoepithelial cells play a central role in glandular tumors, regulating the progression of in situ to invasive neoplasias, with the tumor microenvironment being shown to be involved in both initiation and progression. This study aimed to analyze the in vitro effects of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in myoepithelial cells under the influence of the fibronectin matrix extracellular protein. Benign myoepithelial cells were obtained from pleomorphic adenoma and cultured on a fibronectin substratum. FGF-2 and HGF were supplemented at different concentrations and time intervals, in order to evaluate cell proliferation, morphology and immunophenotype. Individually, FGF-2 and HGF supplementation did not alter myoepithelial cell proliferation, morphology or immunophenotype. The fibronectin substratum provoked an increase in cell proliferation and immunopositivity for α-smooth muscle actin and FGF-2. The myoepithelial cell morphology changed when the fibronectin substratum and FGF-2 acted together, highlighting the importance of the fibronectin extracellular matrix protein on the behavior of these cells.

Quero agradecer a Deus por todo esse curso de doutorado "Agradeço primeiramente a Deus pela alegria durante a caminhada deste estudo. Obrigada Senhor pelo envio do seu Espírito Santo para me ensinar, guiar e aconselhar, obrigada por todos aqueles que o Senhor colocou na minha vida durante essa trajetória para que eu pudesse aprender cada vez mais, obrigada Senhor também por ter podido servir aos seus filhos. Obrigada pelos frutos do seu Espírito agindo em mim: amor, alegria, paz, tolerância, equilíbrio, sabedoria afabilidade, bondade, fidelidade, brandura e temperança. Obrigada por me encorajares a pedir auxílio quando tenho uma necessidade e me ajudares a entender os anseios do meu coração.