BackgroundCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in its basic principle has developed itself as a stand-alone, substantial method of therapy. With effective application in therapy for a range of mental health issues, the spread of CBT methods to Web-based therapy sources is evident. The development of mobile phone apps using CBT principles is increasing within the research area. Despite the move to Web-based methods of therapy, it is argued that these methods lack the same efficacy of face-to-face therapy sessions.ObjectiveThe aim of this review was to assess extent research findings with regard to the effectivenessof CBT-related mobile health (mHealth) apps. By assessing only studies employing a randomized controlledtrial design, the review aimed to determine app efficacy within the highly regarded method ofinvestigation.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted across several databases. Search results werefiltered, and results were subject to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria because of the nature of thereview. Where possible, analysis of effect size was calculated and results reported.ResultsA total of 8 studies investigating the effectiveness of mHealth CBT-related apps across a range ofmental health issues were reviewed. Three studies used the app against a control group, and 5 studiesused the app intervention against another form of treatment or intervention. A range of effect sizes wereseen across all included studies (d=−0.13 to 1.83; 0.03-1.44), with the largest effects often being seen when comparing the data from pre- to posttest for the app engaged group.ConclusionsThe studies reviewed support the use of mHealth apps containing CBT principles for a rangeof mental health issues. However, the effectiveness over longer time periods should beassessed. Researchers and professionals should seek to collaborate effectively when creating new appsto enhance their effectiveness as a treatment for the general public.
The existence of maternal wellbeing is characterised largely by the absence of depressive symptoms and mental illness. This study aimed to develop a positive measure of maternal wellbeing to be used with new mothers to determine mental health levels. Participants (n=323) completed a pilot measure that consisted of sampled and purpose written items endorsed during phase 1 (total n=51). The scale was then analysed for reliability and consistency. During phase 2, a new measure of maternal mental wellbeing was piloted. The C-MEWS score was compared with total sores for the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale and the General Anxiety Disorder questionnaire, and successfully discriminated between them. The measure demonstrates high reliability and good validity, taking into account various external factors. This study leads existing research closer to a conceptual definition of maternal wellbeing and a possible new approach to maternal mental health.
BACKGROUND Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in its basic principle has developed itself as a stand-alone, substantial method of therapy. With effective application in therapy for a range of mental health issues, the spread of CBT methods to Web-based therapy sources is evident. The development of mobile phone apps using CBT principles is increasing within the research area. Despite the move to Web-based methods of therapy, it is argued that these methods lack the same efficacy of face-to-face therapy sessions. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to assess extent research findings with regard to the effectiveness of CBT-related mobile health (mHealth) apps. By assessing only studies employing a randomized controlled trial design, the review aimed to determine app efficacy within the highly regarded method of investigation. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted across several databases. Search results were filtered, and results were subject to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria because of the nature of the review. Where possible, analysis of effect size was calculated and results reported. RESULTS A total of 8 studies investigating the effectiveness of mHealth CBT-related apps across a range of mental health issues were reviewed. Three studies used the app against a control group, and 5 studies used the app intervention against another form of treatment or intervention. A range of effect sizes were seen across all included studies (d=−0.13 to 1.83; 0.03-1.44), with the largest effects often being seen when comparing the data from pre- to posttest for the app engaged group. CONCLUSIONS The studies reviewed support the use of mHealth apps containing CBT principles for a range of mental health issues. However, the effectiveness over longer time periods should be assessed. Researchers and professionals should seek to collaborate effectively when creating new apps to enhance their effectiveness as a treatment for the general public.
Introduction Devon and Cornwall have been identified as a “dental desert” with limited NHS dental access, high levels of oral health inequality and challenges in recruitment and retention of the dental workforce. Recruitment and retention of all members of the dental team has been identified as an important factor in the availability of dental services particularly within rural and coastal areas. During the last five years there has been an 8% decrease in the number of dentists working within the NHS in Devon, and although this may be due to a variety of factors, recruitment and retention appears to be key Aims The aim of this research was to explore the experiences of dental practices within Devon and Cornwall in relation to recruitment and retention of the dental workforce. Method A self-administered, online questionnaire was used to explore various aspects of recruitment and retention of the dental workforce in Devon and Cornwall. The questionnaire included categorical rating scale and free text question formats providing both quantitative and qualitative data. Rating scales were analysed using frequency analysis, and the free-text answers analysed using thematic analysis. Results 106 dental practices responded to the survey, providing a response rate of 36%. The vast majority of respondents (94%) considered recruitment and retention to be a major barrier to delivering NHS services. 77% of practices had a current staff vacancy; 57% had a dentist vacancy; and 48% had a vacancy for dental nurses. Thematic analysis led to identification of four main themes which were considered to influence recruitment and retention: NHS system; Economic Challenges; Logistics; Support Networks. The current NHS dental contract was identified as the main barrier in recruiting and retaining workforce within the NHS in the region. Other factors such as income generation, workload, economic challenges, geographic isolation, lack of support, training opportunities and career development were identified as important issues which affected both NHS and private practices in rural and coastal areas. Conclusion Recruitment and retention of the dental workforce is a major barrier to delivering oral healthcare services in the Southwest Peninsula. A large number of dental practices are failing to operate at capacity due to workforce shortages which is affecting both NHS and private practices. The situation is most acute in recruitment and retention of dentists and dental nurses, with NHS practices affected more than the private sector. Urgent action is needed at a local, regional and national level to avoid further deterioration.
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