Through ranking, constraints on the OO-correspondence relation may force a derived word to deviate from the canonical surface patterns of the language in order to be more like its output base. This theory obviates the traditional analysis that deviant phonology in complex words is the product of cyclic derivation. Given transderivational relations, cyclic effects are produced by constraint interaction in nonprocedural Optimality Theory.Cyclic effects are better understood as misapplication identity effects, similar to the over-and underapplication phenomena observed in reduplicated words. Phonological processes may overapply (take place where they are not properly conditioned) or underapply (fail to apply where properly conditioned) to achieve surface identity of paradigmatically-related words. Constraints that demand identity in paradigms interact directly with phonological markedness constraints and input-output faithfulness requirements. When OO-correspondence constraints take precedence, phonology misapplies.Three case studies are presented. The Austronesian language Sundanese shows an overapplication pattern, and Tiberian Hebrew demonstrates underapplication identity effects.In both cases, paradigmatic identity is achieved at the cost of greater markedness in surface forms. Both of these languages also show that paradigmatic identity is sacrificed when it -viiwould produce too marked a structure, providing support for the claim that OOcorrespondence constraints are ranked in a fixed, monostratal grammar.The study of English paradigms presents a theory of phonological classhood. Two arbitrarily-defined classes of affixed words participate in different transderivational identity effects. Each affix class triggers a distinct OO-correspondence relation governed by its own set of faithfulness constraints. All class-specific phonological behavior follows from the ranking of the two sets of OO-correspondence constraints.In this tranderivational theory, phonology is sensitive to morphology because phonological faithfulness relations hold over paradigmatically-related words. There are no cycles or levels of derivation. Complex words, like simplex words, are derived in a parallel grammar, without any intermediate stages.-viii- Morphologically-related words tend to be phonologically similar. In some cases related words are similar just because they share a morpheme and are generated from the same underlying form. For example, cat and cats, which are related by plural affixation, are phonologically identical (to the extent that they are) because both contain the root with the underlying representation /kaet/, and both are derived by the English grammar.In other cases, phonological similarities in related words cannot be explained simply by appeal to a shared underlying form, because achieving identity entails violating regular phonotactic patterns of the language. The morphological difference between two wordse.g., the presence or absence of an affix -makes it so that a phonological alternation is expected in one word ...

Fixed segmentism is the phenomenon whereby a reduplicative morpheme contains segments that are invariant rather than copied. We investigate it within Optimality Theory, arguing that it falls into two distinct types, phonological and morphological. Phonological fixed segmentism is analyzed under the OT rubric of emergence of the unmarked. It therefore has significant connections to markedness theory, sharing properties with other domains where markedness is relevant and showing context-dependence. In contrast, morphological fixed segmentism is a kind of affixation, and so it resembles affixing morphology generally. The two types are contrasted, and claims about impossible patterns of fixed segmentism are developed.

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