Since the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 the refugee regime has evolved with our modern state system, reflecting changes in international law, politics, economics and ideology. Responding to a history of religious and political persecutions, a comprehensive refugee regime finally emerged under the League of Nations after World War I. This regime underwent dramatic change during World War II to create a permanent framework to cope with the refugee problem through the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. The Cold War had an overwhelming influence on the norms and rules of this regime, and in the post-Cold War era the regime has struggled to reflect and adapt to emerging global concerns-from internally displaced persons to gender and race distributional issues. As UNHCR is forced to reconsider its definitions, laws, and policies, the larger evolving regime must give way to a form of global governance in which the international authority of the UN body has more meaningful influence on the implementation of national law and policy. In today's transnational world where borders are losing their definition and populations mobilize on a global scale, the refugee issue is an increasingly pressing one. Since the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 the refugee regime 1 has evolved with our modern state system, reflecting changes within the broader scope of international politics, and highlighting * Laura Barnett, JD, MA (International Relations); Student-at-Law, Ontario Superior Court of Justice. I am extremely grateful to Colleen Thouez of the International Migration Policy Programme and Jeff Crisp, Head of the Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit at the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in Geneva, for their assistance in arranging interviews for this paper and its subsequent publication in UNHCR's Working Paper Series on New Issues in Refugee Research (Feb. 2002). The views expressed in this paper are those of the author, and do not reflect those of the Superior Court of Justice or the Ministry of the Attorney General. 1 The term 'regime' is subject to varying interpretations, however this paper relies on an understanding found in international relations and political theory. Regimes may be defined as explicit rules or implicit norms guiding the actions of states and individuals, together with institutions and organizations expressing these rules or norms. Friedrich Kratochwil and John Gerard Ruggie ('International Organization: A State of the Art on an Art of the State' (1986) 40(4) International Organization 753 at 759) define a regime broadly as 'governing arrangements constructed by states to coordinate their expectations and organize aspects of international behaviour in various issue areas. They thus comprise a normative element, state practice, and organizational roles.'
The University of Surrey Library and Learning Support Services (LLSS) recognised an increasing need to transform its welcome, induction and orientation activities for students. Past activities have entailed delivering information to students in ways which may have led to information overload and lack of engagement by students with library services. The LLSS have been exploring innovative ways to welcome students to university, moving away from didactic approaches. This paper presents one such innovation produced among a series of activities during 2017/18, an educational escape room, informed by the work of Walsh (2017). This activity invited students to solve a series of themed puzzles in the escape room, introducing them to library services and information literacy (IL) skills to support their studies. This report provides an account of the challenges and positive outcomes encountered in designing the escape room, with a view to sharing good learning and teaching practice.
Process of Law Reform 163 ____________________________________________________________________________________ seeks to draw out broad generalities about how such forums operate in order to better examine what makes them effective in particular circumstances. 5 A Law Reform Commissions Law reform commissions are perhaps the most academically debated institutional mechanism for law reform in the Commonwealth world. First formally established in Canada, Australia and England in the 1960s, 6 law reform commissions pioneered many of the inquiry techniques that are today considered par for the course when undertaking studies leading towards recommendations for law reform. 7 In traditional form, law reform commissions were permanent, independent bodies, most often established by statute and funded by government. Such agencies were staffed by professional commissioners (most often lawyers) accompanied by research and administrative staff, and typically received their study mandates from government. They then undertook research and consultation, leading to a report containing recommendations that the government might or might not choose to implement. The modern picture has evolved somewhat from those early institutions. Although law reform commissions have proliferated over the years and are now found throughout the Commonwealth at both national and subnational levels, this evolution/proliferation has not been linear. Some commissions have been abolished _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5 This paper does not discuss the history of these law reform mechanisms in any depth, as such information is already well documented elsewhere.
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