The stoichiometric and kinetic details of transmitter-receptor interaction (the number of conformations and the rate constants of conformation changes( in synaptic transmission have been investigated analyzing postsynaptic membrane noises by the aid of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem of stochastic chemical kinetics. The main assumptions are the following: (i) the transmitter-receptor interactions is modelled by a closed compartment system (a special complex chemical reaction) of unknown length,--(ii) the quantity of transmitter is maintained at a constant level,--(iii) the conductance is a linear function of the conformation quantity vector.--The main conclusion is: the conductance spectral density function is determined by three qualitatively different factors: (i) the length of the compartment system,--(ii) the precise form of the conductance-conformation quantity vector--(iii) the matrix of the reaction rate constants.

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Based on a brief overview of the history of ontology and on some philosophical problems of virtual reality, a new approach to virtuality is proposed. To characterize the representational (information, cognitive, cultural, communication) technologies in the Internet age, I suggest that Aristotle's dualistic ontological system (which distinguishes between actual and potential being) be complemented with a third form of being: virtuality. In the virtual form of being actuality and potentiality are inseparably intertwined. Virtuality is potentiality considered together with its actualization. In this view, virtuality is reality with a measure, a reality which has no absolute character, but which has a relative nature. This situation can remind us the emergence of probability in the 17th century: then the concept of certainty, now the concept of reality is reconsidered and relativized. Currently, in the descriptions of the world created by representational technologies, there are two coherent worldviews with different ontologies: the world is inhabited by (absolute) actual and (absolute) potential beings-or all the beings in the world are virtual.

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A tanulmány szerzője az információs társadalom terminológiai problémáit a társadalom, az információ és a tudás mibenlétének problémájára vezeti vissza. Az információs társadalom népi szociológiai, kritikai-tudományos és posztmodern indíttatású megközelítéseiben az információ eltérő tartalommal és más-más összefüggésekben jelenik meg. Az információ és a tudás valóságos természetének figyelembe vételével közelebb juthatunk a terminológiai problémák megoldásához.