Background: The pandemic of HIV lines amongst the utmost infectious disease menaces in antiquity. HIV remains a problem worldwide and it's a grave health snags in developing nations particularly in Nigeria. Objective: This study focused on "trends in HIV reporting from 2008 to 2012 among young adults in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Methods: Secondary data were collected from BMSH, Port Harcourt using a Performa specifically intended for this determination. Socio-demographic data for the subjects were recovered from coded patients' medical records kept at BMSH. The data generated was exposed to Fisher's Exact Test.
Abattoir operation could be very beneficial to man; in that it provides meat for human consumption and other by-products. The study was aimed at isolation of Staphylococcus species from various equipment used in abattoir. A total of 100 samples were collected from five different surfaces; bucket swab, butchers hand swab, table swab, knife swab and meat swab from four abattoirs; two from Obio/Akpor and two from Eleme Local Government of Rivers State. The samples were transported aseptically to laboratory for immediate analysis. The samples were cultured using standard microbial method on Mannitol salt agar. The isolates of Staphylococcus species were identified using biochemical tests. The Staphylococcal counts ranged from 10.64±0.07 to 25.50±0.71×105 CFU/g for bucket. The least count for the bucket sample was observed in Akpajo while the highest count was observed in Rumuokurushi. For the meat samples the counts ranged between 8.40±0.14 to 12.85±0.07 ×105 CFU/g, the least count was observed in Rumuokoro, while the highest was observed in Aleto. For the hand, knife and table samples the least counts of 10.35±0.35 ×105 CFU/g, 12.50±0.14 ×105 CFU/g and 14.80±0.14 ×105CFU/g were observed from Akpajo, and Rumuokoro, respectively, while the highest count was obtained from hand (26.75±0.07 ×105CFU/g), knife (15.30±0.14x105CFU/g) and table (22.50 ± 0.71x105 CFU/g) in Aleto, Rumuokrushi and Akpajo, respectively. A total of 43 isolates of Staphylococcus species was obtained in the study of which least percentage occurrence of 2.33% was record from table in Akpajo while the highest percentage occurrence of 9.3% was recorded from bucket in Akpajor. The results shows that cross-contamination of meat sold in the abattoir could come from the equipment used in the abattoir hence, their hygienic condition should be ensured.
Water is the elixir of life which is essential for proper metabolic processes to take place. The quest for cheap and readily available source of potable water has led to the emergence of sachet and bottle water which the sale and consumption continue to grow astronomically and rapidly in most countries of the world. This study was aimed at assessing the microbial and physicochemical water quality of table water sold on School campuses. Standard microbiological procedures were used to isolate and identify various microbial genera associated with the water samples using morphological, microscopic and biochemical characterization method. The bacterial genera identified were Escherichia sp., Streptococcus sp., Micrococcus sp., Vibrio cholera., Staphylococcus sp. and Bacillus sp. with Choba campus having the highest microbial contamination of packaged water. However, the results of the physicochemical properties from this study were all below the WHO recommended limits. The temperature and pH ranged between 26-27°C and 6.98-7.08, respectively. The values of the electrical conductivity ranged from 0.080 to 0.150 µs/cm; turbidity ranged between 0.40-1.40 NTU; chloride ranged between 1.187-2.103 mg/l, nitrate was within the range of 0.01 to 0.14 mg/l; BOD ranged from 0.02-0.04 mg/l, COD was between 0.00-0.08 mg/l and the total soluble solids were between the ranges of 0.04-0.10 mg/l. Therefore, this study suggests the improvement of water-borne disease preventive and control measures, and monitoring of water quality by the regulatory agencies to ensure good manufacturing practices by the water bottling companies which will result in reduction of health hazards associated with water borne diseases.
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