Among 20,333 Swedish people aged 15 yr and above, oral lichen planus was found in 1.9%; 1.6% among men and 2.2% among women. The highest prevalences were found in the age groups 65-74 and 55-64 yr. Reticular lichen planus was the most common type, found in 77.3%. The most prevalent intraoral location of lichen planus was the buccal mucosa, which was affected in 92%. Lichen planus was less prevalent among smokers than among non-smokers, except for the plaque type, which showed no difference in this context.
Summary:splenic, 11 i.m., 12 subcutaneous 13 and i.o. routes in animals. 14 Injections of bone marrow into the testes and brain have also been investigated. 14 However, since the first BMT in Thirty-eight patients (у18 years) receiving marrow transplants from HLA-identical or one antigenman, 15 the i.v. route has been routinely used. Our aim was to infuse haematopoietic progenitor cells directly into the group (NS). The incidences of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, transplan-All adult (у18 years) patients who received related BMT between October 1992 and June 1995 were asked to particitation-related mortality, relapse and patient survival rates were similar in the three groups. Five patients pate. Three patients declined to participate and one was excluded, due to septicaemia. Thirty-eight consecutive examined with bone marrow scintigraphy showed the same distribution of granulocytes in the bone marrow patients were randomized after stratification for BMT with HLA-A-B and DR identical or one antigen-mismatched directly after transplantation and 3 weeks after transplantation, whether the bone marrow was given by the related donors, after conditioning with cyclophosphamide (CY) and total body irradiation (TBI) or CY and busulfan i.o. or by the i.v. route. We conclude that allogeneic bone marrow transplantation can safely be performed (Bu of delayed engraftment. The study was approved by the humans to treat pernicious anaemia by injecting a liver Ethics Committee at Huddinge Hospital and all patients preparation into the sternal bone marrow. 1 I.o. infusion was gave informed consent. introduced during the 1940s as a means of administering Erythrocyte transfusions were given when Hb was Ͻ70 fluids and blood transfusions to critically ill patients. 2 This g/l and platelet transfusions when platelet counts were technique was replaced by i.v. catheters, but it is still some-Ͻ30 × 10 9 /l. Details regarding patient care have been times used in critically ill children. 3 In the early era of bone reported. 18 Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was defined as marrow transplantation (BMT), sporadic attempts were the administration of at least 2.5 l of a combination of intramade to administer bone marrow orally 4 as well as intralipid, amino acids and glucose (Kabimix basal, Pharmacia muscularly (i.m.), 5 intra-arterially 6 and i.o. 1,7,8 in humans and Upjohn, Stockholm, Sweden). and by intracardiac, intra-arterial, 9 intraperitoneal, 10 intraThe diagnoses were AML (n = 17), ALL (n = 1), CML (n = 14), lymphoma (n = 3), IgA myeloma (n = 1), CLL (n = 1) and metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD, n = 1). teristics between the three groups (Table 1).
In a previous study, we mapped the differences in electrical impedance between various anatomical locations in the oral mucosa. We now explore the ability of the impedance technique to detect mild reactions in the buccal mucosa induced by the irritant sodium lauryl sulphate. This substance was applied for 15 min at a concentration of 2% to the mucosa of 26 healthy subjects. A contralateral site was used as a control. Responses were evaluated by measuring electrical impedance before exposure and after removal of the irritant, and also by visual inspection and histology. Magnitude and phase of impedance were determined in the frequency range 1 kHz to 1 MHz at 5 depth settings, and 4 physically distinct indices were calculated from the impedance data. The results showed the response to be at its maximum 5 min after removal of the test chamber, for all indices. These changes were statistically significant, whereas visual and histological alterations were slight or negligible. We conclude that the electrical impedance technique is capable of detecting mucosal changes in the invisible or barely visible range, and that the mucosal response to sodium lauryl sulphate is well characterised by the 4 indices.
We have used an electric impedance technique to explore the properties of the oral mucosa at various sites in the normal mouth. Investigations were performed on 26 healthy non-smoking subjects at 12 test areas, representing a range of mucosal types. Electric impedance spectra were measured in the frequency range 1 kHz to 1 MHz at five depth penetration settings of the instrument, and four indices were calculated for each depth. Statistically significant differences in the indices were found between most of these locations but not between contralateral sites at a similar position. The differences between some areas were considerably greater, and the differences between contralateral sites were smaller, than those encountered in the skin. Our results suggest that the choice of site for investigation of the oral cavity is more critical than with experimentation on the skin and that cognizance of this fact makes the oral cavity readily available for studies by the impedance method.
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