Vanadium compounds were found to promote the induction of morphological transformation of hamster embryo cells. Exposure of the cells to Na-O-vanadate, vanadin (V) oxide or vanadin (IV) oxide sulfate following pre-exposure to a low concentration of benzo[a]pyrene, potentiated the induction of transformed colonies similar to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Unlike this phorbol ester, vanadium compounds did not inhibit intercellular communication, or active protein kinase C. Nor did vanadate influence the reoccurrence of communication after removal of a communication blocking phorbol ester. On the other hand, vanadate showed strong synergism with the phorbol ester on induction of transformed morphology in the phorbol ester sensitive cell line BPNi. This suggests that vanadium and tumor promoting phorbol esters mediate their effect on the induction of morphological transformation of hamster embryo cells through different mechanisms.
Esox lucius (northern pike) is an invasive species in fresh water and causes extreme impacts in the local habitat. Northern pike easily replaces the local native species and disrupts the regional ecosystem. Traditionally, in connection with environmental monitoring, invasive species are identified using PCR through species‐specific DNA. PCR involves many cycles of heating to amplify the target DNA and requires complex equipment; on the contrary, loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) entails isothermal amplification, which means the target needs to be heated to only one temperature between 60 and 65°C. In this study, the authors conducted a LAMP assay and a conventional PCR assay to determine which technique is less time consuming, more sensitive and reliable for use in real‐time and on‐site environmental monitoring. Mitochondrial gene cytochrome b, an essential factor in electron transport; histone (H2B), a nuclear DNA responsible for the chromatin structure; and glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase involved in energy metabolism are taken as the reference genes for this article. The results show that LAMP is more sensitive and less time consuming than the conventional PCR, and thus it can be used for the detection of northern pike in aquatic ecosystems related to environmental monitoring.
The ability of 18 different hydrocarbons to induce and promote morphological transformation and to inhibit intercellular communication in primary Syrian hamster embryo cells in culture have been studied. The compounds were: the n-alkanes octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane and tridecane; the iso-alkanes 2-methylheptane, 2-methyloctane and 2-methylnonane; the naphthenes 1,2-dimethylcyclohexane, 1,2,4-trimethylcyclohexane and tert-butylcyclohexane; the aromates 1,2-dimethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimetylbenzene and tert-butylbenzene; and the alkenes 1-octene, 1-nonene and 1-decene. None of the hydrocarbons induced morphological transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells. When the hydrocarbons were incubated together with benzo(a)pyrene, enhancement of the transformation frequency was observed for the naphthene 1,2-dimethylcyclohexane and the iso-alkanes 2-methylheptane and 2-methyloctane. None of the n-alkanes, alkenes or aromates enhanced the transformation frequency induced by benzo(a)pyrene. The alkane tridecane and the iso-alkanes 2-methyloctane and 2-methylnonane reduced intercellular communication in the primary Syrian hamster embryo cells.
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