This work describes a systematic review of the research on take-home exams in tertiary education. It was found that there is some disagreement in the community about the virtues of take-home exams but also a lot of agreement. It is concluded that take-home exams may be the preferred choice of assessment method on the higher taxonomy levels because they promote higher-order thinking skills and allow time for reflection. They are also more consonant with constructive alignment theories and turn the assessment into a learning activity. Due to the obvious risk of unethical student behavior, take-home exams are not recommended on the lowest taxonomy level. It is concluded that there is still a lot of research missing concerning take-home exams in higher education and some of this research may be urgent due to the emergence of massive online open courses (MOOCs) and online universities where non-proctored exams prevail.

No abstract

We describe a method for labeling cultured endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) by letting the cells grow for three days in culture medium containing a low concentration of the fluorescent carbocyanine dyes DiI and DiO. We show that good labeling can be obtained with considerably lower concentrations (2.5 micrograms/ml) than has previously been described. With optimal concentration the labeling is very strong and seems to label all membranous structures in the cells. It was possible to clearly distinguish differentially pre-labeled cells both in coculture and seeded on denaturated vascular grafts. The cells remain fluorescent for more than seven days and may be passaged with retained proliferative capability. We suggest that DiI/DiO-labeling using dye-containing medium may be used for several cell types and is applicable in tissue culture and in the detection of implanted cells in vivo.

No abstract