A scale designed to quantify hopelessness was administered to several diverse samples of patients to assess its psychometric properties. This scale was found to have a high degree of internal consistency and showed a relatively high correlation with the clinical ratings of hopelessness and other self-administered measures of hopelessness. Furthermore, the scale was sensitive to changes in the patient's state of depression over time. An affective, a motivational, and a cognitive factor were extracted.

In a partial replication and refinement of an earlier study by the authors, 33 college student volunteers reporting high levels of public-speaking anxiety received rational-emotive therapy (RET), attention placebo (AP), or no treatment (NT). Primary analyses of pretherapy to posttherapy changes as assessed with a variety of self-report and observational measures tended to support the conclusion that RET is more effective than either NT or the AP treatment used (relaxation training). Secondary analyses which included AP and NT 5s, who received RET immediately after serving in the AP and NT conditions, added further support for RET treatment effects.

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