Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common, aggressive, highly malignant and infiltrative of all brain tumors with low rate of control. The main goal of this work was to evaluate the spatial dose distribution into a GBM simulator inside a head phantom exposed to a 15 MV 3D conformal radiation therapy in order to validate internal doses. A head and neck phantom developed by the Ionizing Radiation Research Group (NRI) was used on the experiments. Such phantom holds the following synthetic structures: brain and spinal cord, skull, cervical and thoracic vertebrae, jaw, hyoid bone, laryngeal cartilages, head and neck muscles and skin. Computer tomography (CT) of the simulator was taken, capturing a set of contrasted references. Therapy Radiation planning (TPS) was performed based on those CT images, satisfying a 200 cGy prescribed dose split in three irradiation fields. The TPS assumed 97% of prescribed dose cover the prescribed treatment volume (PTV). Radiochromic films in a solid water phantom provided dose response as a function of optical density. Spatial dosimetric distribution was generated by radiochromic film samples at coronal, sagittal-anterior and sagittal-posterior positions, inserted into tumor simulator and brain. The spatial dose profiles held 70 to 120% of the prescribed dose. In spite of the stratified profile, as opposed to the smooth dose profile from TPS, the tumor internal doses were within a 5% deviation from 214.4 cGy evaluated by TPS. 83.2% of the points with a gamma value of less than 1 (3%/3mm) for TPS and experimental values, respectively. At the tumor, measured at coronal section, a few dark spots in the film caused the appearance of outlier points in 13-15% of dose deviation percentage. And, as final conclusion, such dosimeter choice and the physical anthropomorphic and anthropometric phantom provided an efficient method for validating radiotherapy protocols.
A presença de inomogeneidades de tecido produz alterações na distribuição da dose absorvida, cuja magnitude depende das propriedades físicas desses tecidos e da qualidade da radiação. A avaliação incorreta da distribuição de dose pode afetar o controle local do tumor ou aumentar as probabilidades de complicações dos tecidos normais. O trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a influência dos efeitos de inomogeneidade de vértebras torácicas sobre a dose absorvida pelo tecido mole circundante. Os valores preditos pelo sistema de planejamento de tratamento (TPS) foram comparados às medidas experimentais com filmes radiocrômicos EBT-2 posicionados em um objeto simulador constituído somente de água e inseridos axialmente em um phantom simplificado de coluna vertebral e água. Observou-se significativa alteração do padrão de distribuição de dose, aumento da dose absorvida na interface osso-tecido mole e doses pontuais altas adjacentes ao osso em comparação com os resultados obtidos para os filmes em meio homogêneo e TPS. As medidas experimentais na água concordaram com o TPS em 1,0% no que se refere à dose modal enquanto que a maior diferença encontrada para o meio contendo as vértebras foi de 4,6%, no entanto, ambos os valores se encontram dentro da incerteza experimental.
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