There is no consensus about the best time to start exercise after peripheral nerve injury. We evaluated the morphological and functional characteristics of the sciatic nerves of rats that began to swim immediately after crush nerve injury (CS1), those that began to swim 14 days after injury (CS14), injured rats not submitted to swimming (C), and uninjured rats submitted to swimming (S). After 30 days the number of axons in CS1 and CS14 was lower than in C (P < 0.01). The diameter of axons and nerve fibers was larger in CS1 (P < 0.01) and CS14 (P < 0.05) than in C, and myelin sheath thickness was lower in all crushed groups (P < 0.05). There was no functional difference between CS1 and CS14 (P > 0.05). Swimming exercise applied during the acute or late phase of nerve injury accelerated nerve regeneration and synaptic elimination after axonotmesis, suggesting that exercise may be initiated immediately after injury.

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Surgical site infection (SSI) has been indicated as the third cause of nosocomial infection. The present study aimed to determine the epidemiological profile of SSI and its association with the risk factors. It is a transversal study done at the São João Batista Hospital of Viçosa-MG and at the Surgery Service of the Small Animals Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa-MG, from September 2012 to February 2013. Global SSI rates were 0.7% at the human and 3.46% at the veterinary hospitals. At the veterinary hospital, SSI rates were not related to contamination potential, with clean procedures presenting the greater rates. As for the type of surgery, orthopedic ones are the most common in both hospital and also the ones presenting the greater SSI rates. Surgeries during more than 120 minutes were 15.25% of the total of procedures at the human hospital and are even less common in the veterinary, with 1.26%. Rate of SSI does not seem to be related to surgery duration in this classification. Bacteria isolated from surgical wounds were multi-resistant and the obtained data indicated that no criteria of antibiotic prophylaxis existed, mainly for clean surgeries. This scenario shows that the action of a commission to control nosocomial infection are extremely relevant in order to guarantee reliable data so that the quality of service may be evaluated and thus, promoting a decrease the risk of in post-operative complications.INDEX TERMS: Hospital-acquired infection, infection control committee.

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Jasmonic acid (JA) induces native defense responses in plants and increases the resistance of postharvest sugarbeet roots to three common storage-rot causing organisms. To gain insight into the defense responses induced by JA in harvested sugarbeet roots, RNA was isolated from roots treated with water or 10 µM JA and incubated for 2 or 60 d post-treatment. RNA was sequenced, and sequence data was analyzed for short-term (2 d) and long-term (60 d) effects of JA on the sugarbeet root transcriptome. A total of 283 and 326 differentially expressed unigenes were identified in JA-treated roots at 2 and 60 d after treatment, respectively. Of these, more than 96% were uniquely altered in expression at 2 or 60 d, indicating that longterm JA-induced changes to the sugarbeet root transcriptome were substantially different from short-term JA-induced changes. Categorization of differentially expressed unigenes by gene ontology (GO) or Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) identifiers indicated that JA altered expression of a large number of unigenes involved in metabolism, including many unigenes encoding enzymes and unigenes that participate in secondary metabolism. In addition, 88 unigenes, or 15% of all unigenes whose expression were altered by JA, were putatively involved in plant defense. Included were unigenes for pathogenesis-related proteins, regulatory proteins, plant disease resistance proteins, secondary metabolite biosynthetic enzymes, oxidases, and plant cell wall-modifying proteins. Detailed, time-course expression analysis of 19 JA-altered defense unigenes revealed similarities in expression for three plant disease resistant (R) genes and three laccase genes, indicating possible co-regulation of these genes. No relationships, however, were observed between enzyme activities and transcript levels for any of four major families of upregulated defense genes for which enzyme activities Fugate et al., p. 3 were determined, consistent with JA functioning as a primer, rather than an inducer, of plant defenses. Overall, this research supports JA's role as a signaling molecule for plant defense and provides evidence that a variety of defense mechanisms, including the production of antifungal and antimicrobial compounds, stimulation of antioxidant defenses, and stiffening and strengthening of cell walls, may contribute to JA-induced storage rot resistance in sugarbeet roots.

RESUMO: As perdas funcionais progressivas que a população idosa enfrenta com o avançar da idade, causam importantes déficits, que com o tempo se tornam mais significativos e no intuito de minimizá-los; o treinamento funcional tem proporcionado ganho de propriocepção, força, resistência, flexibilidade, coordenação motora e condicionamento cardiovascular. Assim como auxilia na obtenção de funcionalidade, contribuindo para a manutenção da independência e qualidade de vida. O estudo teve como objetivo verificar a influência da aplicação de um protocolo de treinamento funcional sobre o equilíbrio e funcionalidade de idosos não institucionalizados. Selecionou-se vinte e um idosos não institucionalizados, com idade média de 69,04 ± 6,4 anos que foram avaliados pela Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg, Escala de Equilíbrio e Marcha de Tinetti e Índex de Independência de Atividades de Vida Diária de Katz antes e após serem submetidos a um programa de treinamento funcional dividido em quatro fases que consistiram em aquecimento, exercícios de equilíbrio, fortalecimento muscular e alongamentos durante uma hora, com frequência de 3 vezes na semana, totalizando 24 sessões. Utilizou-se o teste de normalidade Shapiro-Wilk seguido do teste T student para análise das Escalas de Equilíbrio de Berg, Tinetti e funcionalidade pré e pós-treinamento (p?0,05). Observou-se melhora de 100% na avaliação do equilíbrio pela Escala de Berg, 85,71% e 77,77% na avaliação da Escala de Tinetti marcha e equilíbrio respectivamente, no pós-treinamento se comparados ao pré-treinamento (p0,05). Conclui-se que o protocolo de treinamento funcional utilizado no estudo foi eficaz na melhora do equilíbrio estático e dinâmico dos idosos, o que favorece a redução do risco de quedas e consequentemente a redução da inabilidade desta população.

No abstract

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do inibidor da síntese de etileno aminoetoxivinilglicina (AVG) aplicado na forma de solução de condicionamento e pulverização sobre a abscisão e longevidade de inflorescências de Epidendrum ibaguense Kunth. As hastes foram colhidas e imediatamente condicionadas em solução com 0, 0,5, 1, 1,5 e 2 mM de AVG por 6, 12, 18 e 24 horas. Os mesmos tratamentos foram aplicados na forma de pulverização até o molhamento completo da inflorescência. O experimento foi conduzido em um esquema fatorial entre tempo de aplicação e doses de AVG, mais doses de AVG aplicadas em pulverização nas flores, e o delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições, com três hastes por unidade experimental. Independentemente do modo de aplicação do AVG, as concentrações utilizadas promoveram aumento da longevidade das flores em aproximadamente 70% em comparação ao controle, com resposta máxima nas concentrações de 1,5 e 2 mM. A percentagem de abscisão de flores foi reduzida em todos os tratamentos com AVG, principalmente quando se utilizou pulverização, com decréscimo na abscisão acumulada superior a 80% nas concentrações entre 1 e 2 mM de AVG. A aplicação de AVG prolonga a longevidade e reduz a abscisão de flores de Epidendrum ibaguense.Termos para indexação: AVG, condicionamento, pulverização, vida de vaso. Extending vase life of cut Epidendrum ibaguense inflorescences with aminoethoxyvinylglycineAbstract -This work evaluated the influence of the aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis, when applied in pulsing solution or sprayed, on the abscission and longevity of cut star orchid (Epidendrum ibaguense Kunth) inflorescences. The cut stems were placed in solutions with 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mM AVG concentrations immediately after the harvest for periods of 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours. The same treatment concentrations were sprayed on the inflorescences until runoff. The experiment had a randomized complete block design with factorial treatments of rate and duration plus rate of application to the flowers, with five replicates, with three stems per experimental unit. Regardless of the way the AVG was applied, the inhibitor extended the flowers' longevity in approximately 70% compared to the control treatment, reaching maximum effect at 1.5 and 2 mM AVG. The percentage of abscissed flowers diminished in all treatments containing AVG, with higher efficiency when sprayed over the inflorescence, decreasing the abscission by 80% at concentrations between 1 and 2 mM AVG.Index terms: AVG, pulsing, spraying. IntroduçãoA orquídea da espécie Epidendrum ibaguense é uma planta rústica e adapta-se plenamente ao cultivo em solo em condições de pleno sol ou de cultivo protegido, característica que amplia as possibilidades de fornecimento das flores ao longo dos 12 meses do ano (Pridgeon, 2003). Após o estabelecimento vegetativo da planta, as flores são colhidas entre cinco e sete semanas de cultivo (Moraes, 2003). As inflorescências têm hastes longas e flores de coloração ...