Various neuropathologies produce hyperintense signals on T2-weighted or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences of the temporal lobes. Recognition of the distribution pattern and associated findings may narrow the spectrum of differential diagnoses or suggest a specific disease. This pictorial essay aims to illustrate the relatively common diseases that affect the temporal lobe, such as herpes simplex encephalitis, neurosyphilis, limbic encephalitis, postictal edema, neoplasia, and multiple sclerosis, as well as those that are less common, such as myotonic dystrophy type 1, CADASIL, and CARASIL, together with the particularities of each entity.
A 5-year-old boy presented with bilateral congenital sensorineural hearing loss and bilateral isohypochromia iridis without dystopia canthorum. MRI showed a shortened posterior semicircular canal (figures 1 and 2) compatible with Waardenburg syndrome (WS). WS is a rare genodermatosis that affects 1:40,000 children and is caused by abnormal migration of melanoblasts from the neuroectoderm. There are 4 types of WS (1 and 3, autosomal dominant; 2 and 4, dominant or recessive). Type 2 differs from type 1 due to the absence of dystopia canthorum. Type 3 is associated with musculoskeletal abnormalities and type 4 with Hirschsprung disease. 1,2
Background The active extravasation of contrast on CT angiography (CTA) in primary intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) is recognized as a predictive factor for ICH expansion, unfavorable outcomes and mortality. However, few studies have been conducted on the setting of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Purpose To perform a literature systematic review and meta-analysis of the association of contrast extravasation on cerebral hemorrhagic contusion expansion, neurological outcomes and mortality. Data sources The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, Scielo, VHL and IBECS databases up to September 21, 2019, were searched for eligible studies. Study selection A total of 505 individual titles and abstracts were identified and screened. A total of 36 were selected for full text analysis, out of which 4 fulfilled all inclusion and exclusion criteria.
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