In accordance with earlier findings, we report here a significantly increased expression of GRO-2, GRO-3, and IL-8 in colon carcinoma as compared to normal tissue. Furthermore, GRO-3 was related to metastasis formation, and IL-8 was associated with survival, suggesting a potential predictive power of these markers.

Pancreatic carcinoma is one of the most aggressive tumor entities, and standard chemotherapy provides only modest benefit. Therefore, specific targeting of pancreatic cancer for early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention is of great interest. We have previously shown that the cellular receptor for Shiga toxin B (STxB), the glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb 3 or CD77) is strongly increased in colorectal adenocarcinoma and their metastases. Here, we report an upregulation of Gb 3 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (21 of 27 cases) as compared with matched normal tissue (n ¼ 27). The mean expression was highly significantly increased from 30 AE 16 ng Gb 3 /mg tissue in normal pancreas to 61 AE 41 ng Gb 3 /mg tissue (mean AE SD, P ¼ 0.0006), as evidenced by thin layer chromatography. Upregulation of Gb 3 levels did not depend on tumor stage or grading and showed no correlation with clinical outcome. Tumor cells and endothelial cells were identified as the source of increased Gb 3 expression by immunocytochemistry. Pancreatic cancer cell lines showed rapid intracellular uptake of STxB to the Golgi apparatus, following the retrograde pathway. The therapeutic application of STxB was tested by specific delivery of covalently coupled SN38, an active metabolite of the topoisomerase I inhibitor irinotecan. The cytotoxic effect of the STxB-SN38 compound in pancreatic cancer cell lines was increased more than 100-fold compared with irinotecan. Moreover, this effect was effectively blocked by competing incubation with nonlabeled STxB, showing the specificity of the targeting. Thus, STxB constitutes a promising new tool for specific targeting of pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(10); 1918-28. Ó2011 AACR.