Recently, great interest in agricultural production has been manifested to preparations of biological origin. Production of biostimulants is in great demand, as small concentrations of these substances are able to maximize the potential of plants, increase their quality and productivity. One of the promising sources of biostimulants is keratin-containing raw materials. It is characterized by a high content of keratin protein. The peculiarities of its chemical composition and structural and mechanical properties require a concretization of the approach to the methods of processing and processing of this unconventional type of waste. Due to enzymatic hydrolysis of keratin preparation of actinomycete Str. chromogenes s. g. 0832 managed to obtain a highly effective biostimulator for plants. The content of free amino acids in it is 82.2%. Hydrolysate contains all essential amino acids; the sum of essential amino acids was 42.66 %. In the comparative evaluation of the biostimulator from keratin pen and the preparation of plant origin “Ribav Extra” the best results were obtained when processing corn seeds with hydrolysate of animal origin. The germination energy in this case was higher than the control samples by 18%, germination increased by 10% compared to the control and by 5% compared to Ribav Extra.
Сведения об авторах Арефьев Юрий Фёдоровичпрофессор кафедры экологии, защиты леса и лесного охотоведения ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный лесотехнический университет имени Г.Ф. Морозова», доктор биологических наук, профессор, г.
Wastewater from agro-industrial complexes is rich in organic components. Biological method is considered to be the most universal for their purification. It provides a high rate of biodegradation of pollution. But due to the high concentration of incoming pollutants, activated sludge microbiome can reduce its cleaning ability. High aeration rate is required for the effective decomposition of such compounds, since aerobic microorganisms predominate in the activated sludge. Under real conditions, the time for the oxidation of these substances by microbial communities is often insufficient. This imbalance between incoming organic matter and oxidized activated sludge microbiota leads to the growth of filamentous bacteria, which is one of the reasons of activated sludge swelling. The influence of high concentrations of pollutants in wastewater on a consortium of microorganisms of activated sludge was investigated to eliminate this negative factor. Physical and chemical composition of the wastewater was carried out according to standard methods. The composition of the activated sludge bacteriocenosis and pig intestine microbiome were determined by standard methods of inoculation in liquid and solid nutrient media. A correlation between the decrease in the concentration of pollutants and regeneration of activated sludge biocenosis has been established. A 59.8% decrease in the overall level of COD contamination of source effluents led to an increase in the number of flocculating microorganisms by 41.7%. Deep destruction of amine nitrogen (99%) and phosphorus (71.4%) was observed due to the activation of heterotrophic microorganisms.
The results of studies of the effect of biocoal (biochar) from sewage sludge and sawdust on the physicochemical and biological properties of soil treated with herbicides are presented. Biocoals were obtained by pyrolysis in the absence of oxygen at a temperature of 500 ° C. It was found that the combined bio-charms from sewage sludge and wood waste stimulate the vital activity of soil microorganisms, increasing their population days after 15 days by 13.5 times, increase the biodegradation of the herbicide in the soil by 5 times in comparison with the soil without biochar treatment. The introduction of the combined biochar at a dose of 5% into the soil contaminated with herbicide increased the growth rate of tomatoes by 5 times. The proposed method of using sewage sludge and sawdust makes it possible to solve not only the problems associated with their utilization, but also to effectively restore soil from pollution.
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