The purpose of the study is to evaluate the impact of human capital (HC) on the sustainable development of a country or region through the prism of religious values. The following indicators were used for the analysis: Human Development Index, GDP per Capita, and Adult Mortality Rates in Orthodox Russia, Muslim, and Orthodox Kazakhstan, and developed countries dominated by Protestant religion, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany. The results show that differences in socio-economic growth between countries exist because the religions and cultures that influence those countries are different. Russia’s and Kazakhstan’s delay in capitalizing human capital may be provoked by the difference in the attitude these two countries have towards labor compared to other countries chosen for the study. The high quality of formal education in Russia and Kazakhstan is largely offset by a negative Orthodox and Muslim attitude to material achievements and financial prosperity. Orthodox representatives perceive individual wealth and career aspirations as sin and arrogance. The results of the study may be useful in teaching cultural disciplines.

Modern resource markets are globalized, which gives significant advantages to countries that own these resources. The proceeds from the sale of resources to global markets can serve as a financial phase for the implementation of important government development programs for a country. The paper examines the influence of the economic and political aspects of globalization on the export operations of the OPEC and OPEC+ member countries. A statistical study of the dependence of export volume dynamics on the KOF Globalization Index and its components was carried out, which made it possible to quantitatively assess the impact of political and economic globalization on OPEC countries’ exports by developing a mathematical model that would describe the relationship of these indicators. The OPEC and OPEC+ countries were grouped depending on those components of the globalization indicator that affect export volumes, that is, according to the level of countries’ involvement in globalization.

Subject. This article discusses the role of human potential in the modern economy. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the relationship between demographic parameters and human potential. Methods. For the study, I used a comparative analysis. Results. Based on the comparison of statistical indicators with the maximum permissible (regulatory) values and the analysis of changes in indicators over time, the article offers developed tools for assessing socio-demographic indicators. Relevance. Regular monitoring of indicators of human development can help make decisions to stabilize the socio-demographic situation in Russia on a timely basis.

Subject. The article addresses the reproduction of human potential and transition to a human-oriented model of economic development. Objectives. The aim is to analyze demographic indicators of reproduction of human potential of the agricultural sector of economy. Methods. To coordinate demographic indicators, consider their interrelation and interdependence, I suggest using the indicative approach to their study. Results. The changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the reproduction of human potential. The choice of options for the reproduction of human potential of the agricultural sector is limited, and the "demographic" vector is fundamental. It is determined by quantitative indicators of reproduction of the population that forms the human potential of the industry. I performed an analysis of demographic indicators in dynamics and defined a set of measures for the reproduction of human potential of the agricultural sector. Conclusions. An integrated approach to the study of absolute and relative demographic indicators will enable managerial decisions on the reproduction of human potential in the industry. The considered indicators are a basis of human potential development program for the agricultural sector.

The economic growth of the agricultural sector of the economy, the provision of a comfortable working environment are the dominant factors in the development of human capital. The main indicator of the development of human capital in the sphere of labor of the agricultural sector of the economy is the increase in incomes of the rural population. Currently, the growth of incomes and the standard of living of the rural population in Russia do not correspond to the declared goals. Despite the wide range of studies on the essence of income, the conditions for their formation and regulation, the importance of scientific developments is increasing from the point of view of the methodology for classifying rural incomes as an indicator of human capital development in the field of labor in the agricultural sector of the economy. In modern conditions, the agricultural sector of the economy is forced to make effective management decisions aimed at the development of human capital in the field of labor. The combination of the considered measures will make it possible to substantiate the dependence of the income level of the rural population for the development of human capital in the sphere of labor of the agricultural sector of the economy. The human development approach reminds us that economic growth is a means, not an end goal. The ultimate goal is the development of human capital, the transition to a human-oriented model of economic development.

Subject. This article discusses the issues of ensuring food security in Russia. Objectives. The article aims to determine the human capital development areas in the context of digitalization of the agricultural sector of the economy. Methods. For the study, I used a statistical analysis. Conclusions and Relevance. The article concludes that the priority consideration of the issues of health, education, and culture contributes to the development of human capital in the agricultural sector of the economy. The results of the study can be used by the authorities in planning expenditures for the development of agriculture of Russia.