The connection of the soil with the building was already extensively studied on the supposition of the soil's basic and structural uniformity. Nonetheless, during intermediate or powerful earthquakes, the maximum shearing stress can readily exceed the elastic modulus of the properties of the soil. When considering soil-structure connection, nonlinear processes may modify soil rigidity at the building's foundation and hence power dispersion into the soil. As a result, disregarding the nonlinear properties of the dynamic soil-structure interface (DSSI) may result in incorrect dynamic loading estimates. The purpose of this research is to incorporate a completely nonlinear parametric framework for soils into a mathematical notation and examine the impact of soil nonlinearity on dynamic soil building interactions. Furthermore, several problems are defined, for instance the impact of restricting strain on the shear strength of the soil, the preliminary static configuration, and interface components at the soil-structure interface, and so on. Throughout this study, a basic absorbing layer approach that relies on a Rayleigh/Caughey dampening concept, which is frequently accessible in current code, was used. Computational Component software is shown as well. The stability criteria of wave dispersion difficulties are investigated, and it is demonstrated that the linear and nonlinear performance vary dramatically when coping with numerical propagation. This research is separated into two sections. In the first section, a soil column is simulated. There is a development of computational and semi-analytical approaches for describing the one-dimensional linear and nonlinear dynamic soil reactions to a predefined movement. Because the linear formula is simpler to comprehend and explain, it is achieved initially. In addition, it is utilized to determine the amount to which nonlinearity affects soil characteristics. In nonlinear assessment, the strain-dependent shear strength and dampening proportion are employed. Such input variables are crucial for completing a ground response assessment. For the formulations of strain-dependent mechanical properties and dampening in this work, hyperbolic soil model-constructed curves are utilized.
Recently, the use of reinforced concrete (RC) structures is becoming very common worldwide. Because of earthquakes or poor design, some of these structures need to be retrofitted. Among different methods of retrofitting a structure, we have utilized a steel cage to support a column under axial load. The numerical modeling of a retrofitted column with a steel cage is carried out by the finite-element method in ABAQUS, and the effectiveness of the number of strips, size of strips, size of angles, RC head, the strips’ thickness, and the steel cage’s mechanical properties are studied on 15 different case studies by the single factorial method. These parameters proved to be very effective on the load distribution of the column because by choosing the optimum case, lower amounts of force are born by the column. By increasing the number of strips, the steel cage would reach 52% of the total load. This value for the size of strips and angles’ size is 48 and 50%, respectively. However, the thickness of the strips does not have a significant effect on the load bearing of the column. In order to fully predict the load distribution of the retrofitted columns, the data of the present study are utilized to propose a predictive model for N
c/P
FEM and N
c/P
FEM using artificial neural networks. The model had an error of 1.56 (MAE), and the coefficient of determination was 0.97. This model proved to be so accurate that it could replace time-consuming numerical modeling and tedious experiments.
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