Bloodstream infections are a serious complication among critical patients. The detection of microbial pathogens in blood cultures is an important diagnostic tool. This study aimed to isolate and characterize bacteria from the blood of patients admitted to the clinical intensive care unit of a teaching hospital, between April 2003 and April 2004. The bacteria isolated were identified by biochemical/enzymatic tests and detection of the antimicrobial susceptibility profile using the disk diffusion method. A total of 304 blood cultures from 195 patients were evaluated. Forty-nine (16.1%) of the blood cultures presented microbe development. The predominant species was Pseudomonas stutzeri (18.2%). Gram-positive cocci and enterobacteria showed greater resistance to ampicillin; vancomycin and linezolid were the most active agents for Gram-positive cocci and carbapenems for Gram-negative rods. Because of the impact of bloodstream infection within the hospital context, additional studies are needed in order to give backing for prevention and control measures.

Introduction:In venous ulcers, the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococcus resistance phenotypes can aggravate and limit the choices for treatment. Methods: Staphylococcus isolated from 69 patients (98 ulcers) between October of 2009 and October of 2010 were tested. The macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin B (MLS B ) group resistance phenotype detection was performed using the D-test. Isolates resistant to cefoxitin and/or oxacillin (disk-diffusion) were subjected to the confirmatory test to detect minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), using oxacillin strips (E-test®). Results: The prevalence of S. aureus was 83%, and 15% of coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS). In addition were detected 28% of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 47% of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcus (MRCoNS). Among the S. aureus, 69.6% were resistant to erythromycin, 69.6% to clindamycin, 69.6% to gentamicin, and 100% to ciprofloxacin. Considering the MRSA, 74% were highly resistant to oxacillin, MIC ≥ 256µg/mL, and the MLS B c constitutive resistance predominated in 65.2%. Among the 20 isolates sensitive to clindamycin, 12 presented an inducible MLS B phenotype. Of the MRCoNS, 71.4%were resistant to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Considering the isolates positive for β-lactamases, the MIC breakpoint was between 0.5 and 2µg/mL. Conclusions: The results point to a high occurrence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in venous ulcers in primary healthcare patients, thus evidencing the need for preventive measures to avoid outbreaks caused by multi-drug resistant pathogens, and the importance of healthcare professionals being able to identifying colonized versus infected venous ulcers as an essential criteria to implementing systemic antibacterial therapy.

This study aimed at determining prevalence and resistance profile of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from nasopharynx of children attending day-care centers in Goiânia (Brazil). P. aeruginosa (100.0%), E. coli (50.0%), K. pneumoniae (35.3%), and E. aerogenes (16.7%) were the most frequent multi-drug resistant microorganisms isolated. No production of ESBL was detected.

PLT concentrates were contaminated with bacteria in 0.4 percent of tested units, which represents a potential risk to patients and a public health problem. Regarding the contaminant microorganisms, a predominance of Gram-negative agents was observed (62.5%).

A importância clínica dos bastonetes Gram-negativos não fermentadores (BGNNF) tem aumentado significativamente devido à gravidade da infecção, elevada taxa de morbidade e mortalidade, principalmente em pacientes hospitalizados 2 . Esse grupo de microrganismos também apresenta resistência intrínseca a vários antimicrobianos, representando um grande desafio na terapêutica. Dentre os BGNNF, Pseudomonas aeruginosa é um dos principais agentes causadores de infecção em pacientes hospitalizados em unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI) e queimados 15 . ABSTRACTPseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium frequently isolated from hospital environments. This study had the aims of evaluating the susceptibility profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa previously isolated from patients in a hospital in Goiânia (Goiás, Brazil), performing phenotypic screening for metallobeta-lactamase production and detecting its genes using the polymerase chain reaction technique. Seventy-five 75 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were evaluated between January 2005 and January 2007. Biochemical identification was performed using the API 20E ® system and an antibiogram was produced using the Kirby-Bauer method. Among the 62 isolates that were resistant to imipenem and ceftazidime, 35 (56.4%) produced metallo-betalactamase, while 26 (74.3%) showed the bla SPM-1 gene. The frequency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that produces metallo-beta-lactamase suggests that greater control over the dissemination of resistance in hospital environments is needed. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produtora de metalo-betalactamase (MBL) tem sido reportada como importante causa de infecções hospitalares. Apesar da prevalência destes microrganismos em hospitais ainda ser pouco investigada, os mesmos estão associados aos casos de disseminação clonal e surtos hospitalares 5 7 . A emergência de bactérias produtoras de MBL requer mudanças na rotina dos laboratórios de Microbiologia, Key

Trata-se de um estudo descritivo realizado em uma maternidade de um Hospital Universitário de Goiânia-Goiás realizado de abril a outubro de 2003, cujo objetivo foi identificar a microbiota das mãos de mães e de profissionais da área da saúde que cuidam de recém-nascidos. A população do estudo foi composta por todos os trabalhadores da área da saúde que estavam em exercício ativo, e pelas mães que estavam em atendimento no serviço; durante o período do estudo. Das mãos de 31 sujeitos (15 mães e 16 profissionais de saúde) foram isolados cocos Gram-positivos, bastonetes Gram-negativos e leveduras, sendo que os microrganismos mais frequentemente isolados foram: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus e coagulase negativo, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter sp, Hafnia alvei, Serratia sp e Arizona sp, os quais têm sido apontados na literatura como associados a surtos de infecção hospitalar em berçários e alojamento conjunto. Assim torna-se premente a elaboração de programas de educação permanente para profissionais e usuários dos serviços de saúde sobre a importância da higienização das mãos, como ferramenta para prevenir infecção e assegurar uma assistência de qualidade aos recém-nascidos.

-Context -The endoscopic procedure safety depends on the use of an adequately reprocessed device which quality is related to each of its operational steps. Objective -To characterize the reprocessing of endoscopes using glutaraldehyde in endoscopy services Methods -Study was conducted by observing the reprocessing of 60 endoscopes from 20 medical practices of the municipality of Goiânia, GO, central area of Brazil. Results -This study showed failure in all reprocessing steps. The pre-washing was performed in 24 (40.0%) of the endoscope. In the cleaning steps, was identify the improper use of enzymatic detergent, and in 27 (45.0%) cases, the brushing of internal channels was not performed. All 60 endoscopes were submitted to this disinfectant. However, for 33 (55.0%) of the cases the internal channels was not filled. The total immersion of endoscope in the glutaraldehyde was not performed in 39 (65.0%) cases. The recommended minimum total immersion time for exposure to 2% glutaraldehyde solution was followed only for 12 (20.0%) endoscopes. There was no filter for water treatment used in the rinse of most endoscopes 54 (90.0%) and to dry the internal channels only 6 (10.0%) of them used compressed air. Adequate storing conditions were identified. Conclusion -Considering the particularities of the endoscope and its reprocessing, it is imperative to establish protocols to ensure the quality of the disinfection and the prevention of cross-contamination.

Prevalência de bastonetes Gram-negativos isolados da saliva de trabalhadores da saúdePrevalence of Gram-negative