The PAM-13 is a useful tool for understanding health behaviours in MS. The findings of this study support further clinical consideration and investigation into developing interventions to increase patient activation and improve health outcomes in MS.
Participants' on-road performance was more accurately predicted by the model identified in this study than using only performance on the SDSA test battery. The five psychometric/off-road tests should be used as a screening battery, after which a follow-up road test should be conducted to finally decide the fitness to drive of individuals with relapsing-remitting MS. Future studies are needed to confirm and validate the findings in this study.
Recent research suggests that gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) persons are at greater risk for mental health problems, including suicidal and nonsuicidal self-injury, than heterosexuals. However, few studies have investigated factors that may be linked to this increased risk. This study investigated interpersonal violence, victimization, and discriminatory events as possible predictors of suicidal and nonsuicidal self-injury in a sample of sexual minorities (i.e., a GLBT sample). Participants were 1,126 self-identified gay, lesbian, bisexual, and/or transgender (GLBT) individuals who responded to an Internet-based survey. Results indicated that both experiences of interpersonal trauma and sexual discrimination were associated with increased likelihoods of engaging in suicidal and nonsuicidal self-injury. In addition, participants at the greatest risk were those experiencing high levels of both interpersonal trauma and sexual discrimination. Clinical implications of these results are discussed.
Within the multiple sclerosis (MS) population, high prevalence of psychiatric concerns, such as depression and anxiety, has been well documented. The purpose of this study was to examine factors contributing to higher depression and anxiety levels in a sample of 82 patients utilizing MS clinic services. Independent variables included MS physical severity, self-reported cognitive impairment, and perceived illness management, respectively. Results from hierarchical regression analyses indicated that depression was related to the physical severity, self-reported cognitive impairment, and perceived illness management variables. Anxiety was also related to the physical severity and self-reported cognitive impairment variables but not to the perceived illness management ones, suggesting that depression and anxiety symptoms may involve somewhat different processes within MS. The findings of this study support further clinical consideration and additional investigation of these variables in the treatment of anxiety and depression in an MS clinic population.
Health professions students with higher levels of religiosity and lower levels of self-reported familiarity with various religious perspectives on sex reported less positive attitudes toward LGBT individuals. Results suggest that personal factors may be important to address in interprofessional curriculum related to LGBT patient care. Self-report biases and other factors may limit the accuracy and generalizability of the findings.
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