In mid-December 2019, a disease caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, which began in Wuhan, China, has spread throughout the country and many countries around the world. The number of children with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has also increased significantly. Although information regarding the epidemiology of COVID-19 in children has accumulated, relevant comprehensive reports are lacking. The present article reviews the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in children.

SG-III laser facility is now the largest laser driver for inertial confinement fusion research in China. The whole laser facility can deliver 180 kJ energy and 60 TW power ultraviolet laser onto target, with power balance better than 10%. We review the laser system and introduce the SG-III laser performance here.

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Fouling is the major obstacle in membrane processes applied in water and wastewater treatment. To improve the antifouling characteristics of PPHFMMs in an SMBR for wastewater treatment, the PPHFMMs were surface‐modified by O2 low temperature plasma treatment. Structural and morphological changes on the membrane surface were characterized by XPS and FE‐SEM. The change of surface wettability was monitored by contact angle measurements. Results of XPS clearly indicated that the plasma treatment introduced oxygen containing polar groups on the membrane surface. The static water contact angle of the modified membrane reduced obviously with the increase of plasma treatment time. The relative pure water flux for the modified membranes increased with plasma treatment time up to 1 min, then it decreased with further increase of plasma treatment time. Decreases in the tensile strength and the tensile elongation at break of the modified membranes were also observed. To assess the relation between the plasma treatment and the membrane fouling in an SMBR, filtration for activated sludge was carried out by using synthetic wastewater. After continuous operation in the SMBR for about 75 h, flux recovery were 8.7 and 12.3%, reduction of flux were 91.6 and 87.4% for the nascent and O2 plasma treated PPHFMM for 1 min, relative flux ratio for O2 plasma treated PPHFMM for 1 min was 49.9% higher than that of the nascent PPHFMM.

Aim Vaccines are vital to ending the COVID‐19 pandemic and we reviewed the data on vaccinating children, and including them in clinical trials, as most of the activity has focused on adults. Methods English and Chinese databases, including PubMed, Elsevier Scopus, Web of Science, CNKI and CQVIP were searched, along with websites such as the World Health Organization and the University of Oxford. Results We identified 44 papers and 16 news items about vaccinating children against the virus, published from 10 February 2020 to 14 July 2021. Child vaccination has been slow and only a few countries have included children in Phase II or III clinical trials. The data on children were much more limited than on adults, but most children were asymptomatic or had mild symptoms and some deaths had been recorded. More clinical trials are needed to assess the safety and efficacy of vaccinating children, as higher vaccination levels can help to build up herd immunity. The percentage of parents willing to vaccinate their children against the virus ranged from 48.2% to 72.6%, with much lower rates for letting them participate in clinical trials. Conclusion Vaccines should be offered to children as soon as their safety and efficacy are established.

Since December 2019, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic, posing a huge threat to human health, and the current epidemic prevention situation is still severe. Hematological parameters directly reflect the damage of SARS-CoV-2 to human blood cells, which can better assess the severity and prognosis of patients infected with COVID-19, but hematological parameters have some differences between adults and children. This article comprehensively reviews the differences in hematological parameters between adults and children after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and provides a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19.