Noniridescent
structural colors, by virtue of their pigment-like
features and simple preparation techniques, have pivotal roles in
color-related applications. However, because of the wide bandwidth
resulting from coherent scattering, noniridescent structural colors
lack the angle-altered color feature, which plays a critical role
in angle-altered colored identification of structural color. Therefore,
developing a novel strategy for noniridescent structural colors in
security applications remains a challenge. Inspired by Diphylleia
grayi, we developed a thickness-controlled silica@polydopamine
(SiO2@PDA) amorphous arrays anticounterfeiting system.
Owing to the melanin absorption of PDA, the SiO2@PDA amorphous
arrays exhibit visual noniridescent structural colors in air but the
brownish-black color of PDA in water. More importantly, when the arrays’
thickness exceeds 9 μm, the SiO2@PDA amorphous arrays
display thickness-independent structural color in air but thickness-dependent
PDA (brownish-black) color in water. On the basis of this finding,
any designs of patterns with uniform or multicolored structural color
can be encrypted by employing the distinct thicknesses and selectively
disclosed in a liquid solvent environment. We believe these simple,
user-interactive noniridescent structurally colored arrays are appealing
for various security-related applications, such as anticounterfeiting.
BackgroundIt has been unclear whether relatively high cortisol and cortisone levels are related to overweight in childhood, parental body mass index (BMI), and family dietary habits. The aim of this study was to compare cortisol and cortisone levels in urine and saliva from overweight and normal children, as well as correlations between children’s BMI, parental BMI and family dietary behavior questionnaire score (QS).Material/MethodsWe analyzed the data from 52 overweight children and 53 age- and sex-matched normal-weight children aged 4–5 years. The concentrations of salivary cortisol (SF), salivary cortisone (SE), urinary cortisol (UF) and urinary cortisone (UE) were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The family dietary behavior QS was answered by the parent mainly responsible for the family diet.ResultsAverage cortisol and cortisone levels were significantly higher in overweight children. There was no significant difference in the ratio of cortisol to cortisone (Rcc) and the marker of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2) activities. The results displayed correlations among cortisol, cortisone, and Rcc. Positive correlations were weak-to-moderate between BMI and SF, SE, UF, and UE. There were correlations between BMI and maternal BMI (mBMI), and BMI was significantly associated with QS.ConclusionsOur results suggest that cortisol and cortisone levels are associated with overweight in children, but the 11β-HSD2 activities showed no significant differences. Unhealthy family diet was associated with higher BMI, UF, and UE, and families with maternal overweight or obesity had a higher prevalence of children’s overweight or obesity.
Inorganic nanoparticles, such as CeO3, TiO2 and Fe3O4 could be served as a platform for their excellent performance in antioxidant effect. They may offer the feasibility to be further developed for their smaller and controllable sizes, flexibility to be modified, relative low toxicity as well as ease of preparation. In this work, the recent progress of these nanoparticles were illustrated, and the antioxidant mechanism of the inorganic nanoparticles were introduced, which mainly included antioxidant enzyme-mimetic activity and antioxidant ROS/RNS scavenging activity. The antioxidant effects and the applications of several nanoparticles, such as CeO3, Fe3O4, TiO2 and Se, are summarized in this paper. The potential toxicity of these nanoparticles both in vitro and in vivo was well studied for the further applications. Future directions of how to utilize these inorganic nanoparticles to be further applied in some fields, such as medicine, cosmetic and functional food additives were also investigated in this paper.
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