The results of two seasons' work on soil water content (SWC), evapotranspiration (ET), total dry matter (TDM), and harvest index (HI) of crops under different row spacing (RS), as well as possible ways to improve water utilization, have been reported. Field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm of Shandong Agricultural University (36°09'N, 117°09'E) in 2006-2007 and 2007-2008. Four types of RS were treated under two different water conditions (rainfed and irrigated) and set up in a randomized plot design. RS did not exhibit any obvious effects on SWC during the study period. SWC was enhanced evidently by irrigation, especially in the 10-60 cm soil layer. Irrigation increased the ET of crop. At the seeding-jointing stage, the ET of RS14 was significantly higher than those during other treatments (P < 0.05). Irrigation increased yields, ET, and TDM, while it decreased water use efficiency and HI. There were significantly negative correlations between TDM and RS (P < 0.05). The HI of the rainfed crop was higher than that of the irrigated crop. Results showed that high yields of wheat could be achieved in northern China by reducing RS under uniform planting density conditions.
Pulvinaria tenuivalvata (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) red soft scale insect is one of the most prevalent insect pests that attacks sugarcane plants. Insecticidal efficiency of six selected insecticides (Malatox, Sulfar, Admiral, Nomolt, Tafaban and Biover) was evaluated for their impact against nymphs and adult females of P. tenuivalvata on sugarcane leaves using leave dipping methods. This investigation was carried out for two successive seasons (July 2021-2022) at the laboratory of the Plant Protection Research Department at the El-Mattana Agricultural Research Station, Luxor Governorate, Egypt. Obtained results showed that the tested insecticides varied in efficacy on the different stages of pest (nymphs and adult females). Moreover, the nymphal stage of P.tenuivalvata was more susceptible to the tested pesticides compared to the adult stage. Admiral and nomolt were the most toxic against the nymphal and adult female stages of P. tenuivalvata on sugarcane leaves, sulfar, however, was the least successful in controlling this pest.
A field study was carried out at a private mango orchard at Abu-Suwair district in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt during two successive years from (January 2018 to December 2019) to study the performance of some mango varieties to infestation with the mango shield scale, Milviscutulus mangiferae (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccidae). The obtained results showed that insect population of M. mangiferae occurred on all different mango varieties all the year round and has three peaks of seasonal activity per year, which was recorded in January, June/July and November over the year. The obtained results indicated that the mango varieties varied significantly in their susceptibility to population density of M. mangiferae. Ewaise mango variety was the highest population density and was rated as highly susceptible (H.S.) to infestation by the total population density of M. mangiferae, followed by Zebda and Fagri Kalan mango varieties were appeared as susceptible (S), while, Balady variety was observed to be relatively resistant (RR). But, Sakary variety had the lowest population density and was rated as relative resistant (RR) of pest over the entire year. These pieces of information can be useful for establishing IPM strategies against this pest.
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