It has been established that intensive agricultural activities, usually, increase the risk of groundwater quality degradation through high groundwater pumping rates. In fact, the uncontrolled groundwater extraction causes a modification of natural flow systems and induces seawater intrusion from the coast and causes the groundwater quality deterioration. The Korba aquifer is located in the North-East of Tunisia, where a semi-arid Mediterranean climate prevails. The dry season is pronounced and this aggravates the situation, given that the highest water demand usually coincides with the drought period (dry weather conditions). The principal aim of this study is to characterize the hydrochemistry of this coastal aquifer, identifying the main processes that occur in the system, and to determine the extent of marine intrusion in the aquifer. In order to achieve this aim, geophysical and chemical parameters were measured, such as vertical electrical soundings (VES), electrical conductivity, pH, temperature, anions and cations concentrations. The analytical results obtained in the hydrochemistry study were interpreted using ion correlations with chloride and SO 4 2-/Cl À and Mg 2+ /Ca 2+ ratios, in conjunction with calculations of the ionic deviations and the saturation indexes. Saturation indexes are calculated with the PHREEQC 2.8 software used for mineral saturation modelling of the aquifer seawater-freshwater mixture. The high groundwater salinity anomaly observed in Diar El Hajjej, Garaet Sassi and Takelsa-Korba zones was explained by the presence of seawater intrusion in these areas. This hypothesis is based on high chloride concentrations, the inverse cation exchange reactions, and the lower piezometric level compared to sea level.
The present paper investigates hydrochemical processes and water quality in the Mornag aquifer in NE Tunisia. Groundwater samples were collected during a field campaign, and were analysed for major and trace elements. The collected waters have a chemical facies rich in Ca
2+, Na + and Cl -. Piper diagram shows a progressive increase in chloride ions along with increasing salinity. Saturation indexes calculated by using PHREEQC (USGS) show that the Mornag waters are slightly saturated with respect to carbonates (calcite and dolomite), while undersaturated with respect to gypsum, halite and other evaporitic minerals. The current composition of waters takes place via dissolution of halite and Ca-sulfates, where the increase in calcium is partially balanced by possible calcite precipitation. The relevant recorded pollutant is nitrate, which was likely dispersed from agricultural soils, while heavy metals were generally far below values of pollution thresholds, indicating no influence by mining activity.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.