Objective-To compare the visual outcomes and adverse events of contact lens to primary intraocular lens (IOL) correction of monocular aphakia during infancy.Methods-In a randomized, multicenter (12 sites) clinical trial, 114 infants with a unilateral congenital cataract were assigned to undergo cataract surgery between 1 to 6 months of age either with or without primary IOL implantation. Contact lenses were used to correct aphakia in patients who did not receive IOLs. Grating visual acuity was tested at 1 year of age by a masked traveling examiner Main Outcome Measures-Grating visual acuity at 1 year of age.Results-The median logMAR visual acuity was not significantly different between the treated eyes in the two groups (CL = 0.80, IOL = 0.97, p =.20). More patients in the IOL group underwent one or more additional intraocular surgeries than patients in the CL group (63% vs 12%; p <. 0001). Most of these additional surgeries were performed to clear lens reproliferation and pupillary membranes from the visual axis.Conclusions-There was no statistically significant difference in grating visual acuity at age 1 year between the IOL and CL groups; however, additional intraocular surgeries were performed more frequently in the IOL group.Application to Clinical Practice-Until longer term follow-up data are available, caution should be exercised when performing IOL implantation in children 6 months of age or younger given the higher incidence of adverse events and the absence of an improved short-term visual outcome compared to contact lens use.

A new method is described for screening potential biocides based on the traditional suspension test using the Bioscreen optical plate reader. This new method is rapid, reproducible, quantitative and cost effective. Data obtained by this new method are not directly equivalent to the log reduction normally quoted, but give a measurement of the total effect of the biocide on the microbe population, measuring the effect of injury as well as death (non-viability). The method allows for the routine examination of disinfection kinetics, the study of which leads to greater scientific insight into disinfection than that achieved by the standard 5 min, one-point, disinfection tests currently employed.

OMC is a well-tolerated, effective therapy for H. pylori eradication and duodenal ulcer healing in this region despite the high metronidazole resistance rate. OAM is less effective, largely due to the impact of metronidazole resistance.

It is recognized that the brain plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of blood pressure and the control of myocardial function. By combining direct sampling of internal jugular venous blood with a noradrenaline isotope dilution method, for examining neuronal transmitter release, and microneurographic nerve recording, we were able to quantify the release of central nervous system noradrenaline and its metabolites and investigate their association with efferent sympathetic nervous outflow in healthy subjects and patients with pure autonomic failure. To further investigate the relationship between brain noradrenaline, sympathetic nervous activity and blood pressure regulation we examined brain catecholamine turnover, based on the internal jugular venous overflow of noradrenaline and its principal central nervous system metabolites, in response to a variety of pharmacological challenges. A substantial increase was seen in brain noradrenaline turnover following trimethaphan, presumably resulting from a compensatory response in sympathoexcitatory forebrain noradrenergic neurones in the face of interruption of sympathetic neural traffic and reduction in arterial blood pressure. In contrast, reduction in central nervous system noradrenaline turnover accompanied the blood pressure fall produced by intravenous clonidine administration, thus representing the blood pressure lowering action of the drug. Following vasodilatation elicited by intravenous adrenaline infusion, brain noradrenaline turnover increased in parallel with elevation in muscle sympathetic nervous activity. While it is difficult to assess the source of the noradrenaline and metabolites determined in our studies, available evidence implicates noradrenergic cell groups of the posterolateral hypothalamus, amygdala, the A5 region and the locus coeruleus as being involved in the regulation of sympathetic outflow and autonomic cardiovascular control.

The pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen were determined after an intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) dose of 2.0 mg/kg body weight in five camels (Camelus dromedarius) using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The data obtained (median and range) following i.v. administration was as follows: the elimination half-life (t(1/2beta)) was 4.16 (2.65-4.29) h, the steady state volume of distribution (Vss) was 130.2 (103.4-165.3) mL/kg, volume of distribution (area method) (Vd(area)) was 321.5 (211.4-371.0) mL/kg, total body clearance (Cl) was 1.00 (0.88-1.08) mL/min x kg and renal clearance was 0.01 (0.003-0.033) mL/min x kg. Following i.m. administration, the drug was rapidly absorbed with peak serum concentration of 12.2 (4.80-14.4) microg/mL at 1.50 (1.00-2.00) h. The systemic availability of ketoprofen was complete. The apparent half-life was 3.28 (2.56-4.14) h. A hydroxylated metabolite of ketoprofen was identified by (GC/MS) under electron impact (EI) and chemical ionization (CI) scan modes. The detection times for ketoprofen and hydroxy ketoprofen in urine after an intravenous (i.v.) dose of 3.0 mg/kg body weight was 24.00 and 70.00 h, respectively. Serum protein binding of ketoprofen at 20 microg/mL was extensive; (99.1+/-0.15%).