Tracheal bronchus (TB) is a very rare condition, which is often associated with some other pathologies. This study was designed to characterize the morphology of tracheal bronchus and associated pathologies in Vietnamese individuals using multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT). From August 2016 to February 2021, 16, 64-, and 128-detector-row computed tomography scanners were used to perform chest scans of 3663 patients, of whom 32 had tracheal bronchus and associated pathologies. The prevalence of tracheal bronchus was 0.9%, of which 0.6% were male and 0.3% were female. We found that one patient had bilateral tracheal bronchus (3.1%) and 31 patients (96.9%) had right-sided tracheal bronchus. Most patients (75.1%) had type II tracheal bronchus, whereas 15.6% and 6.2% had type III and type I tracheal bronchus, respectively. The average distance from the tracheal bronchus to the carina was 6.6 ± 6.4 mm. The average diameter of the tracheal bronchus was 4.4 ± 2.2 mm; the group with 2–4-mm tracheal bronchus accounted for the highest proportion (46.9%). Associated pathologies included congenital heart diseases (i.e., valvular heart disease, tetralogy of Fallot, cyanotic congenital heart disease-APSO, and aortic coarctation) (43.7%), stenosis of the bilateral pulmonary arteries (15.6%), absent left pulmonary artery (6.2%), stenosis of the right pulmonary artery (3.1%), anomalous pulmonary venous connection (3.1%), stenosis of the trachea (3.1%), stenosis of the left main bronchus (3.1%), bronchogenic cyst (3.1%), and bronchial atresia (3.1%), and the remaining 12.5% had no abnormalities. tracheal bronchus is a very rare abnormality among Vietnamese and is often accompanied by other pathologies. MDCT with a high spatial resolution and a good tissue contrast, along with contrast agent and appropriate scanning protocols, is efficient in detecting tracheal bronchus and associated pathologies.
BACKGROUND: Brain plasticity refers to the extraordinary ability of the brain to modify its structure and function following changes within the body or in the external environment. However, it is not easy to find it on non-invasive imaging modality. CASE REPORT: In this article, we report the case of a 36-year-old male patient with sequelae of encephalitis. The patient had general epilepsy with multiple hospital admissions. MRI 3.0 Tesla showed his cerebral hemispheres were asymmetrical both morphologically and tractographically; there was a scar at the right temporo-occipital region, and an atrophy of the right temporal lobe, hippocampus and pontine. DTI reconstruction showed asymmetrical cortico-spinal and thalamo-cortical tracts with posterior thalamo-cortical tract was partly damaged by the scar. Blended motor-sensory nerve bundles were observed only on the left side of the patient’s brain but not on the right or healthy subjects. DTI quantification showed the lower line number, lower FA and higher ADC in the patient compared to healthy subjects and within the patient with decreased functionality on the side of the scar. CONCLUSION: Non-invasive DTI with 3D image reconstruction on the patient showed evidence of brain plasticity appeared on cortico-spinal and thalamo-cortical tracts and can inform diagnosis and treatment strategies.
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