Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles was carried out using Calotropis leaf extract with zinc acetate salt in the presence of 2 M NaOH. The combination of 200 mM zinc acetate salt and 15 ml of leaf extract was ideal for the synthesis of less than 20 nm size of highly monodisperse crystalline nanoparticles. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized through UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDX (energy dispersive X-ray), and AFM (atomic force microscopy). Effects of biogenic zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on growth and development of tree seedlings in nursery stage were studied in open-air trenches. The UV-Vis absorption maxima showed peak near 350 nm, which is characteristic of ZnO nanoparticles. DLS data showed that single peak is at 11 nm (100%) and Polydispersity Index is 0.245. XRD analysis showed that these are highly crystalline ZnO nanoparticles having an average size of 10 nm. FTIR spectra were recorded to identify the biomolecules involved in the synthesis process, which showed absorption bands at 4307, 3390, 2825, 871, 439, and 420 cm -1 . SEM images showed that the particles were spherical in nature. The presence of zinc and oxygen was confirmed by EDX and the atomic % of zinc and oxygen were 33.31 and 68.69, respectively. 2D and 3D images of ZnO nanoparticles were obtained by AFM studies, which indicated that these are monodisperse having size ranges between 1.5 and 8.5 nm. Significant enhancement of growth was observed in Neem (Azadirachta indica), Karanj (Pongamia pinnata), and Milkwood-pine (Alstonia scholaris) seedlings in foliar spraying ZnO nanoparticles to nursery stage of tree seedlings. Out of the three treated saplings, Alstonia scholaris showed maximum height development.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was carried out using aqueous extract of Roheda (Tecomella undulata) at 60 °C in orbital shaking incubator. The variation in pH values and colour changes were observed within few minutes during reduction of silver nitrate (0.1 to 1 mM final concentration) in presence of plant extract and the capping of synthesized stable silver nanoparticles. The UV-Vis spectra of reaction mixture at different time intervals were recorded to monitor the formation of nanoparticles. The maximum absorption peak was observed near 430 nm indicating the formation of AgNPs. The particle size distribution was analysed through dynamic light scattering (DLS) and it was found that the peaks at 5.85 nm and 77.48 nm. Polydisperse Index (PDI) of synthesized AgNPs is 0.378 indicating that nanoparticles are stable even after nine months storage and uniform size range. The stability of biogenic silver nanoparticles was monititored through zeta potential measurement. The surface properties and size of the nanoparticles were studied through scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The purity of the synthesized nanoparticle was confirmed by electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Atomic force microscopy images indicated that height of the particle ranges from 3-18 nm. The results of various techniques indicated that these are silver nanoparticles synthesized using leaf extract of Tecomella undulata.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out using Tecomella undulat flower extract with 0.1mM silver nitrate solution. Within a few minutes colour change and variation of pH value could be observed. Synthesised nanoparticles were characterised through UV-Vis spectra, particle size analysis, zeta potential measurement, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and Atomic force microscopy (AFM). The UV-Vis absorption spectrum shows an absorption band near 450 nm, which is characteristic absorption peak of silver nanoparticle. The particle size distribution result showed two peaks at 5.23 nm (20.3 per cent) and 77.82 nm (79.7 per cent). XRD characterisation showed that these are highly crystalline silver nanoparticles having average size 12.5 nm. FTIR spectrum was recorded to identify the biomolecules involved in the synthesis process, which showed absorption band stretches at 2939.52 cm-1, 2877.79 cm-1, 2362.80 cm-1, 1228.66 cm-1, 1157.29 cm-1, 1014.56 cm-1, 831.32 cm-1and 785.03 cm-1. SEM image showed that particles were spherical in nature. The presence of Ag was confirmed by major peak of Ag in EDX spectrum. 2D and 3D images of silver nanoparticles were obtained by AFM and biogenic nanoparticles were measured in the size range between 20 nm - 70 nm. Various types of spectroscopic and microscopic characterisation indicated that these are stable silver nanoparticles synthesised from flower extract of Tecomella undulata.
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