In this study, nanobioformulations were prepared containing the fungus Talaromyces flavus including two types of nano-capsules (F1 and F3), one type of nanoemulsion (F2), and one type of powdered nanoformulation (F4). Comparative in vitro studies were performed on nanoformulations and formulations made based on rice bran from T. flavus in terms of inhibitory effect on the colony growth the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum in a completely randomized design. These studies began three months after the production of nanoformulations and continued at 3 months intervals for one year. The results showed that the nanopowder was the most effective nanoformulation in increasing the inhibitory effect on the growth of the examined pathogen.
Purpose: Evaluation of efficacy of Talaromyces flavus microcapsule in controlling cotton important fungal diseases and introducing Talaromyces flavus for using in the cotton fields. Methods: In this research focused on the application and efficiency evaluation of two new formulations of T. flavus microcapsules (TF-Co-G-1: Isolate 1 obtained from the Gorgan cotton farm) in suspension and powder forms, which were compared with the fungicide Talaromin® in farmers' fields. In this research, two cotton farms (Karkandeh and Hashemabad) with a history of infection with VW and DO were selected in two different regions of Golestan province. Each of the fields with an area of 1000 m2 was divided into seven equal parts. In each part, the treatments were applied separately, including microcapsule suspension with soil application, microcapsule suspension as seed impregnation, microcapsule powder with soil application, microcapsule suspension as seed impregnation, Talaromin® fungicide with soil application, Talaromin® as seed impregnation, and a control. The efficiencies of different treatments in terms of controlling the studied diseases and strengthening different growth indicators were evaluated by comparing the means of nine measured traits, including three traits for disease indicators (the percentage healthy seedlings for DO and the incidence rate and severity percentage of VW). To this end, the mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) was first performed for two regions using the MS TAT C software, and the ANOVA of means was performed for each region separately with the significant effect of treatment × location. Results and conclusion: The results showed that among the studied formulations, powder microcapsules with seed impregnation by 32% and Talaromin® with soil application by 59% were respectively the most effective treatments for a significant increase in the percentage of healthy seedlings and a significant decrease in the severity of VW. Therefore, the obtained results indicate that the technical knowledge to produce T. flavus microcapsule formulations with two forms of suspension and powder can be transferred to manufacturing companies to carry out the commercialization and mass production process. Originality/value: Production of Talaromyces flavus microcapsule.
In Iran, during significant research, the importance of the antagonistic fungus, Talaromyces flavus has been known for the inhibition of the growth of some important plant soil pathogens. According to the results obtained to this stage of the research, the commercialization of the bioformulation of this fungus is of particular importance. Since the marketing is considered as one of the important factors for the continuation of commercialization, considering the type of bioformulation specifically nanoformulations with easy applications can greatly affect the attraction of relevant consumers and a successful marketing. The main objective of this research is increasing the stability of T. flavus using the preparation of the effective nanoformulations containing T. flavus that it can be applied in controlling plant diseases in future. In this research, four nanoformulations (two nanocapsules, one nanoemulsion and one nanopowder) containing Talaromyces flavus were prepared. For preparation these nanoformulations, the polymerization method was used. In this method, the organic phase, including plant oil and the fungal biological agent was added to the aqueous phase, including several hydrophilic monopolymers such as poly urea formaldehyde, chitosan and starch. In the next step, the cross link polyureaformaldehydekers such as calcium chloride and surfactant were added to all two phases and homogenization was carried out by homogenizer in 350C and 10000 rpm. In this study, nanoformulations were prepared in two types: nanocapsule (F1 and F3), a type of nanoemulsion (F2), and a type of powder nanoformulation (F4) of T. flavus. Therefore, in light of the recent advances in the application of nanotechnology in various sciences, it seems necessary to prepare different nanoformulations of the above biological agent with an emphasis on the ease of use, and study the efficacy in biological control of the plant diseases.
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