The synthesis of 4,4'-[6,6'-methylenebis (2-(2-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)-5-methylbenzyl)-4-methyl-6,1-phenylene)] bis (oxy) diphthalonitrile 1 was achieved starting from 4-nitrophthalonitrile and 6,6'-methylenebis(2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-4-methylphenol in DMF at 50 °C by the catalysis of K2CO3 under argon. The corresponding dimeric metallophthalocyanines (Zn2Pc2 2 and Co2Pc2 3) were tetramerized in dimethylaminoethanol with the appropriate metal salt. Newly synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, UV-vis, FT-IR (ATR), MALDI-TOF mass and (1)H-NMR spectroscopy techniques. The electrochemical properties of the complexes were examined by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, controlled potential coulometry and in situ spectroelectrochemistry in nonaqueous media. The results showed that while there is considerable weak interactions between the two metal phthalocyanine units in dimeric zinc phthalocyanine, these interactions in dimeric cobalt phthalocyanine is remarkable. The catalytic performances of dimeric cobalt phthalocyanine in the reduction of oxygen in a medium similar to the working conditions of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel-cells were found to be much higher than that of dinuclear zinc phthalocyanine. Solution-processed films of the complexes were utilized as an active semiconducting layer in the fabrication of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) in the bottom-gate configurations. The output characteristics of the resulting p-type OFET devices were investigated to evaluate the performances such as the field effect mobility (μF). A relatively high field effect mobility of 7.3 × 10(-3) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) was observed for dimeric cobalt phthalocyanine.

In this study, silk fabric samples were dyed by various procedures using Helichrysum arenarium extracts. Alum, ferrous sulfate, stanium chloride, calcium nitrate, and potassium bitartrate were used as mordants. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection was utilised for identification of the dyes present in the dyed silk fabrics and the plant extracts. The extraction of dyes was carried out with a hydrochloric acid/methanol/water (2:1:1 v/v/v) mixture. The colour coordinates and K/S values, as well as wash, light, and rub fastness, were determined.

Madder (Rubia tinctorum L.) has been used for dyeing textile materials since the stone age. This plant contains natural pigments in its roots, such as alizarin, pseudopurpurin, purpurin, munjistin, rubiadin, xanthopurpurin, purpuroxanthin, lucidin, chinizarin, christofin and anthragallol. Madder gives a unique red colour to textiles. The aim of this study is to understand the effect of Turkey red oil on silk dyeing by using madder (Rubia tinctorıum L.) and gall oak extracts (Quercus infectoria Olivier). Alum [KAl(SO 4 ) 2 .12H 2 O] and Ca(NO 3 ) 2 .4H 2 0 were used as mordant. Mordanting was achieved at 65 0 C for 120 min, at pH 4-5 with flotte ratio 100:1. The dyeing process was carried out a at 65 0 C for 60 min. at pH 6-7 with flotte ratio of 100:1. The colour coordinates K/S, as well as washing, light and rubbing fastness values were determined and discussed. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection was utilized for the identification of colouring compounds present in the dyed silk fabrics. The effects on the results of gall oak, madder and Turkey red oil was evaluated.