Background: Surgical mortality data are collected routinely in high-income countries, yet virtually no low-or middle-income countries have outcome surveillance in place. The aim was prospectively to collect worldwide mortality data following emergency abdominal surgery, comparing findings across countries with a low, middle or high Human Development Index (HDI).Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Self-selected hospitals performing emergency surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive patients from at least one 2-week interval during July to December 2014. Postoperative mortality was analysed by hierarchical multivariable logistic regression.

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BackgroundPresent study deals with the removal of Zn(II) ions from effluent using yeast biofilm formed on gravels.MethodsThe biofilm forming ability of Candida rugosa and Cryptococcus laurentii was evaluated using XTT (2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) reduction assay and monitored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Copious amount of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by yeast species was quantified and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).ResultsYeast biofilm formed on gravels by C. rugosa and C. laurentii showed 88% and 74.2% removal of Zn(II) ions respectively in batch mode. In column mode, removal of Zn(II) ions from real effluent was found to be 95.29% by C. rugosa biofilm formed on gravels.ConclusionThe results of the present study showed that there is a scope to develop a cost effective method for the efficient removal of Zn(II) from effluent using gravels coated with yeast biofilm.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the perceived self-concept of employed and unemployed educated women. The study also examined the relationship of perceived self-concept with the type of employment and period of service of the employed women. The sample consisted of 150 employed and 150 unemployed educated married women residing in an urban area of Patna. The self-concept scale of Deo (1985) was used in the study. The findings showed that the perceived self of the employed women scored relatively higher in each of the five attributes of the perceived self; ie. Aesthetic, Emotional, Character, Intellectual and Social. It was concluded, from this study, that employment leads to a higher self-concept among educated women, which however varied with different types of employment.