In this study, a mixture of vinyl ester (VER) and polyurethane (PU) prepolymer was used in the field of pipe manufacturing as a matrix material (interpenetrating polymer networks) with E-glass fibre as reinforcement. In order to evaluate the mechanical strength of the fibre-reinforced VER-PU interpenetrating polymer network composite pipe, tests like hydrostatic, hoop, stiffness, and axial compression were conducted systematically with five proportions of PU-loaded VER (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%). It was observed that during the stiffness test, all the PU-loaded VER specimens have regained its original shape, size, and also retains its structural integrity. VER glass fibre composite pipes (0% PU) exhibited crazing, wall delamination, and rupture on compression. With increase in PU content, there were no such effects after the compression, but a slight drop in mechanical properties like hoop, stiffness, and axial compression was observed. The obtained experimental results were found to be in good agreement with finite element analysis data.
This work presents the function of biobased ingredients (palm fiber) as reinforcement in brake pad materials. Reinforcement in brake lining improvise wear stability, wear resistance and friction optimization under a dynamic set of operating variables such as braking force, sliding speed, braking duration and braking temperature. The effect of palm fiber on physical, mechanical and tribological properties of brake pad composite is evaluated. The percentage of palm fiber is gradually increased from 2% to 12% at an interval of 2% as an alternate of rockwool fiber by varying the pressure and speed in a pin on disc tribometer. By increasing the pressure, 8% and 10% shows high friction stability at all speeds. The results show that the raise in the palm fiber quantity increases the hardness, specific gravity and heat swell and the properties, loss on ignition and porosity decreases. The SEM descriptions of the composite indicated that the smaller micro voids occurred in the sample having low palm fiber. Weight gain in the composites were also observed by exposing them in salt water, water and oil.
In the present work, commercial arrowroot starch (AR starch) has been successfully used as a base material with sodium salt of carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) for buccal drug delivery system. Different ratio of CMC and AR starch has been prepared with constant ratio of drug. In our study, glipizide has been used as the drug for controlled drug delivery through buccal mucosa. Films were cast by solution casting method with glycerol as plasticizer. All the films were characterized for thickness, swelling index, moisture content, relative pH, drug content uniformity, compatibility of polymer and drug, surface morphology of films, muco adhesive property and in-vitro drug release study. Formulation F3 shows a residence time of 140 minutes with good mucoadhesive property, compatibility within polymers, drug content uniformity of 100 ± 6.0% and a controlled drug release among all the ratios.
Silica is a reinforcing filler which is known for its ability to improve wet/snow grip and rolling resistance in tyres. However, incorporating Silica in high quantities impairs other significant features like physical properties and processing behaviour of the compounds. In this study, the focus was on balancing rolling resistance and grip properties while attempting to nullify the negative effects of Silica, by arriving at an optimum ratio of combination of Carbon Black and Silica. Three different compounds were prepared – COMP_1 had CB:Silica in 2:1 ratio, whereas COMP_2 and COMP_3 had CB:Silica in the ratios 1:1 and 1:2 respectively. The impact of their dosage on various properties were investigated. Taking into consideration abrasion loss and grip properties, 1:1 ratio was deemed to possess the optimized ratio.
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