Introdução: A respiração é uma atividade biomecânica complexa, que envolve o tronco e o esqueleto apendicular. Isso pode sugerir envolvimento dos músculos respiratórios como o diafragma na patomecânica do movimento humano. Objetivo: Revisar sistematicamente estudos observacionais sobre a influência do músculo diafragma no controle postural, propriocepção e dor lombar em indivíduos adultos com lombalgia e assintomáticos. Métodos: Revisão sistemática baseado nas recomendações PRISMA, realizada nas bases de dados: Ebisco, Lilacs, Medline, Pedro, Scopus, Pubmed e Scielo, até dezembro de 2018. Utilizaram-se os descritores: diaphragm, low back pain, proprioception e postural balance. Consideramos elegíveis: estudos observacionais, com adultos assintomáticos, ou, com dor lombar. Resultados: As buscas identificaram 230 estudos, contudo, apenas 11 foram incluídos. Os estudos avaliaram 421 sujeitos de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 18 e 71 anos. Em assintomáticos, a ativação do diafragma antecede os movimentos do tronco e esqueleto apendicular. Já na dor lombar, existe descoordenação diafragmática e respiratória, quando comparados aos voluntários assintomáticos. Também foi demostrada associação entre os músculos respiratórios e a propriocepção. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstram que o diafragma exerce influência na biomecânica da coluna, no controle postural, propriocepção e sua disfunção está associada a gênese da dor lombar.Palavras-chave: diafragma, propriocepção, dor lombar, controle postural.
Background: Aging is a physiological process characterized as the beginning of a stage of life in which happen social, physical and psychological changes. Among these, cognitive and functional decline has been one of the most frequent, and may be enhanced by the process of institutionalization. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the cognitive and functional profile of elderly residents in a Long-Term Care Institution for the Elderly (LTCI). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study whose population was composed of elderly people of both genders, residents in the "Associação Feirense de Assistência Social" in Feira de Santana (BA), Brazil. The elderly with physical and mental limitations that made it impossible to perform the functional and cognitive tests were excluded from the study. The survey was completed in December 2017. The Barthel Index, Katz Index, Berg Balance Scale (BERG) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) were used for functional evaluation. The first two tools were used to classify functional independence in the activities of daily living (ADL's), and the others to categorize risk of fall. It was used the Mini-Mental State Exam to evaluate cognition. In addition, a form was created to collect clinical and sociodemographic variables. The results of this study were described in percentage. Results: From the 35 elderly residents, 25 were included, of which 15 were female, with ages between 62 and 95 years. Regarding Education, 60% are illiterate, 32% have 1 to 4 years, 4% have 5 to 8 years and 4% have 9 to 11 years of studies. 92% of the population presented cognitive alterations. Regarding functionality, 66.6% of the elderly had a dependent gait, with 56.2% of females. In the assessment of the risk of falling, 60% presented moderate risk by TUG and 82.6% presented a high risk by the Berg scale. Considering the Barthel index and the Katz index, 52% had dependence on ADLs. 96% did not practice physical activity and 62.5% did not undergo Physical Therapy. The most frequent comorbidities were arterial hypertension (64.3%) and diabetes mellitus (36%). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the studied population presents cognitive alterations, gait dependent, greater probability for risk of falls, low level of education and physical activity, besides longevity, which may suggest that the institutionalization process brings negative repercussions for these subjects. Practitioner 1 4% GAIT Dependent 17 68% Independent 8 32% Auxiliary device (Walking stick, Crutch and Walker). 9 36% HISTORY OF FALLS Yes 10 40% Malaise 3 30% Weakness 2 20% Other reasons 5 50% No 15 60% COMORBITIES Hypertension 16 64% Diabetes 9 36%
Introduction: patients with common neurological diseases among others, there is no balance and gait, the reason that leads to functional decline and quality of life. Objective: To review the effects of bandaging in any treatment of gait and balance of individuals affected by neurological diseases. Methods: A study was carried out in the databases SCHOLAR GOOGLE, EBSCO, LILACS, SCIELO, PUBMED and MEDLINE, using the following descriptors: Gait; Orthotic devices; Postural Balance and Neuromuscular Diseases. As researches were conducted between July and December 2016, having as criteria: studies with adult neurological patients, which are the effects of bandaging in our nodes of gait, balances and functionality of the population. The studies were initially screened by title and abstract. In all the studies that fit the selection criteria were retrieved for reading in the integration, evaluation of the methodological quality and extraction of the data of interest for the review. Results: As database queries resulted in the identification and selection of four studies. Three of them were developed with volunteers patients affected by stroke. Both studies had the effect of the acute bandaging in eight. However, as analyzed variables ranged between static and dynamic equilibrium, gait and functionality. Only three references obtained significant results. The main results indicate the improvement of walking speed, the activation of the anterior tibial muscle, functional mobility and the balance of the evaluated population. Conclusion: The results of this review show that the figure-of-eight bandaging technique promotes significant improvement in clinical gait variables, static and dynamic balance.
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