Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) of average diameter of 45 ± 5.0 nm were prepared using chemical reduction method and characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transmission Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). To test the ability of ZnONPs to ameliorate antihyperglycemic and the oxidative stress status resulted in experimental diabetic rats induced by alloxan, sixty male albino rats with weight 220 ± 25 grams and age of 9 months were used in experimental design. Ten of them were served as control group and fifty rats were injected with alloxan at the single intraperitoneal dose of 150 mg/kg. Then, subdivided into, diabetic, diabetic rats + ZnONPs I, received single daily dose of 2.5 mg/kg b.w ZnONPs in suspension. Diabetic rats + ZnONPs II, received a single daily dose of 5.0mg/kg b.w ZnONPs in suspension , diabetic rats + ZnONPs III, received a single daily dose of 10 mg/kg b.w ZnONPs in suspension, diabetic rats + insulin; received a single daily subcutaneous dose of insulin 2U/kg b.w. At the end of experimental time(60 days) the blood glucose, serum insulin,glycoslated HbA1c, lipid peroxidation marker, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and serum activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Catalase (Cat) were determined. Results showed a significant alteration in the activities of SOD, GPx, CAT, MDA Insulin, HbA1c and FBS in animals treated of ZnONPs, compared with diabetic or diabetic + insulin group and their control group. The profound control of ZnONPs over the anti-oxidant enzymes in diabetic rats to normal, by inhibition of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species generation during hyperglycemia evidence their antioxidant effect during diabetes. The administration of ZnONPs at 10 mg/kg b.w exhibited an insistent control over the blood glucose level, lipids and serum biochemical profiles in diabetic rats near to the control group provokes their effective role in controlling and increasing the organ functions for better utilization of blood glucose. Histopathological studies revealed the non-toxic and protective effect of the ZnONPs over the vital organs and can be used to ameliorate the hyperglycemia and oxidative stress status.

In the present study, nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) were evaluated as an antibacterial and anticancer agent. The nanoparticles of nikel oxide were synthesized using aloe vera leaves extract and characterized with AFM (showing an average diameter of 45.11 nm), XRD and FE-SEM analyses. Three different concentrations (125, 250 and 500 µg/ml) were prepared from the synthesized NiO NPs and investigated for their potential antibacterial activity against both Enterococcus faecalis (Gram-positive bacteria) and Acinobacter baumannii (Gram-negative bacteria). While cytotoxicity and apoptotic activity were measured on both MCF-7 and AMJ13 cancer cell lines by  MTT and caspase-9 luminescence assays. The results showed that NiO NPs inhibit bacterial growth, as indicated by large inhibition zones  against both tested bacteria, with all studied concentrations. Moreover, the results of cytotoxicity and caspase-9 activity assays were in concordance with those of  antibacterial activity, showing high cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects against both of the studied cancer cell lines and with all the tested concentrations of NiO NPs. Both the antibacterial and anticancer activities of NiO NPs were dose-dependent.

A rising number of hospital infections were caused by multi drug resistant A.baumannii. This microorganism has become a big global concern for clinicians. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles against biofilm producing multi drug resistant A. baumannii. Bacteria were isolated from burn wounds. The selected isolate was identified using the routine biochemical assays, viteck 2, and confirmed by PCR technique, targeting the 16S rRNA and blaOXA-51 genes. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using Viteck 2 system and the biofilm production was tested by using microtiter plate method. S marcescens was used for production of the prodigiosin which characterized later by UV-visible spectroscopy and then was used for biosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) NPs. Atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffractometer and field emission scanning electron microscopy were used for characterization of TiO2 NPs. Antimicrobial activity of TiO2 NPs was examined by well diffusion assay using concentration of 0.4- 0.006 mg/ml. The studied isolate was beta-lactamase producer and showed resistance to aminoglycosides, quinolones, furanes and trimethoprim/ sulphonamide, PCR amplification of 16S rRNA and blaOXA-51 genes was used for detection of A baumannii. The selected isolate was a strong biofilm producer with 5.9 times more than the OD values of the control. Atomic force microscopy images showed that the synthesized TiO2 NPs were in spherical shape with an average diameter of 67.49 nm. The TiO2 NPs inhibited the bacterial growth at concentrations of ≥ 0.1mg/ ml and a maximum zone of inhibition recorded was 22 mm at concentration of 0.4 mg/ ml. Biosynthesis of TiO2 NPs using prodigiosin was showed a promising antibacterial activity against strong biofilm producing MDR- A. baumannii.

In this paper, core–shell structured (ZnSe) is prepared bio synthesis by cold plasma technique under atmospheric pressure with an exposure time of 3[Formula: see text]min and a gas flow rate of 3[Formula: see text]L/min. Films’ structural characteristics and morphological characterization were investigated by X-ray diffractometer, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). In addition, parameters like crystal size were calculated. Results showed XRD patterns exhibit structure of polycrystalline of preferential orientation (111) direction. SEM technique shows that the nanoparticles presented are spherical. AFM image verified film-formed spherical particles distribute uniformly. The antibacterial diffusion method property of these nanoparticles was performed against Gram-negative bacteria of Escherichia coli and Gram-positive bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus, showing good control of said bacteria. The maximum level of inhibition was found in coli form bacteria with an average inhibition zone diameter with S. aureus, implying an increasing trend with increasing/decreasing loading volume of NC volume. Therefore, these nanomaterials, which can be prepared in a simple and cost-effective way, may be suitable for new types of germicidal materials.

The entire investigation's focus was on the production of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs), using prodigiosin pigments produced by Serratia marcescens as a stabilizing and reducing agent. Nickel oxide nanoparticles are synthesized using nickel sulfate NiSO4 (10mg) with a concentration of prodigiosin (10g/100ml). Biosynthesized NiO nanoparticles have been characterized by using many techniques, such as (UV-Vis, AFM, XRD, FTIR, and FE-SEM). The AFM analysis revealed that NiONPs have an average diameter size of (41.77 mm), and the FE-SEM Image displays Spherical. Additionally, the effect of NiONPs with different concentrations on the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa was measured and the inhibition zone reached to (29 mm). Biosynthesis of NiONPs using prodigiosin was shown to have promising activity as an antibacterial against the biofilm-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa.