HIV-1 was able to induce a NALP3-inflammasome response in healthy individuals, indicating that this inflammasome could play a role in the first steps of HIV-1 infection; the consequent inflammatory process may be important for directing host immune response against the virus and/or disease progression. HIV-DC seemed to be chronically activated, but unresponsive against pathogens. Our findings could be of interest considering the ongoing research about dendritic cell manipulation and therapeutic strategies for AIDS involving dendritic cell-based immune-vaccines.

Herein, we report a greener protocol for the synthesis of 3-Se/S-indoles and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines through direct C(sp )-H bond chalcogenation of heteroarenes with half molar equivalents of different dichalcogenides, using KIO as a non-toxic, easy-to-handle catalyst and a stoichiometric amount of glycerol. The reaction features are high yields, based on atom economy, easy performance on gram-scale, metal- and solvent-free conditions as well as applicability to different types of N-heteroarenes.

We have developed a green and efficient protocol for the chalcogenation of bicyclic arenes by using I2/DMSO as catalytic system under solvent‐ and metal‐free conditions. This protocol allows access to several chalcogenated bicyclic arenes through C(sp2)–H bond functionalization, in good to excellent yields by using microwave irradiation or conventional heating.

An efficient copper‐catalyzed three‐component chalcogenation of oxadiazoles with elemental selenium/sulfur and aryl iodide is described herein. This one‐pot C(sp2)‐H bond chalcogenation approach is attractive and practical, since a cheap copper catalyst is employed with minimum catalytic loading, in an open‐to‐air atmosphere. Under optimized conditions, that reaction provides a wide range of structurally diverse organochalcogenyl (Se/S)‐oxadiazoles in good to excellent yields with good functional group tolerance. This practical approach represents a valuable contribution to synthetic and medicinal chemistry, providing an important addition to the current C−Se/S bond formation chemistry scenario.

Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 15 to 53 nm were synthesized by a modified sol-gel method. Maghemite particles as well as particles with admixture of maghemite and hematite were obtained and characterized by XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis photoacoustic and M€ ossbauer spectroscopy, TEM, and magnetic measurements. The size and hematite/maghemite ratio of the nanoparticles were controlled by changing the Fe:PVA (poly (vinyl alcohol)) monomeric unit ratio used in the medium reaction (1:6, 1:12, 1:18, and 1:24). The average size of the nanoparticles decreases, and the maghemite content increases with increasing PVA amount until 1:18 ratio. The maghemite and hematite nanoparticles showed cubic and hexagonal morphology, respectively. Direct band gap energy were 1.77 and 1.91 eV for A6 and A18 samples. Zero-field-cooling-field-cooling curves show that samples present superparamagnetic behavior. Maghemite-hematite phase transition and hematite N eel transition were observed near 700 K and 1015 K, respectively. Magnetization of the particles increases consistently with the increase in the amount of PVA used in the synthesis. M€ ossbauer spectra were adjusted with a hematite sextet and maghemite distribution for A6, A12, and A24 and with maghemite distribution for A18, in agreement with XRD results. V