Diabetes mellitus is a chronic multifactorial metabolic illness that is characterized by numerous chronic complications. Diabetes affects almost every system of the body. Among these diabetic foot is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus. Its main objective was to investigate the knowledge, attitude and foot care practices in diabetic patients suffering from diabetic foot lesions. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was designed to be conducted at Civil Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Total 150 diabetic patients were selected by systematic random sampling method. Ratio of Type II diabetes was 91.3% whereas 23.3% patients were having family history of diabetes. 44.35% patients were having some knowledge about diabetes related complications whereas 45.44% patients were having a positive attitude towards control and prevention of diabetes related complications. Good foot care and footwear practices were being carried out by just 33.62% of the patients. Education regarding reducing increased body weight, knowledge about foot care practices, early detection and management of peripheral neuropathy and strict glycemic control could be very helpful in decreasing the diabetic foot complication.
Diseases development due to food is a major threat to consumers; especially in countries where sanitation facilities are poor. E. coli O157:H7 strain causes major outbreaks among foodborne diseases. The current work investigated the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 and their antibiogram profile in raw milk samples. A total of 180 samples were collected from milk shops in Kohat, Pakistan. The isolates were initially identified on colony morphology on different Media and later through biochemical tests. Isolates were also screened to differentiate E. coli O157:H7 from other fecal E. coli via sorbitol MaCconkey agar. Out of 180 samples 134 (74.4%) milk samples were positive for E. coli and 46 (25.6%) milk samples were negative. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by using antibiotics of different classes. Most of the isolates showed susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (82.5%) (80.4%), gentamicin (82.5%) (80.5%) and Oxytetracycline (85.5%) (85.6%) respectively and slightly resistant to Tetracycline (55.8%) (48.2%), Imepenam (52.6%) (42.8%), Ceftriaxone (45.5%) (40.6%), Trimethoprim (54.4%) (36.6%), Chloramphenicol (38.6%) (30.5%), and shows resistance to Amikacin (25.5%) (18.4%) and Cloxacillin (10.5%) (4.5%) respectively. The high frequency of E. coli O157:H7 in milk samples indicate poor hygiene during milking, transportation and milk storage. The awareness against spreading of this pathogen is necessary among stakeholders at different levels of milk handling. Keywords: E. coli O157:H7; Antibiotic resistance, Milk
Hepatitis is commonly transmitted during blood transfusion. The study aimed to find the prevalence of hepatitis B & C among blood donors in Bahawalpur and try to find relation of prevalence with socio-demographic variables. The study was conducted in Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur (BVH). The data was collected by trained nurses working in blood bank in supervision of investigator through a structured record review check list developed by investigator in English. The investigator checked data for completeness and cross check from registers. The collected data had been coded before analysis. Descriptive analysis was done to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B & C virus in the study population and its distribution categorized by independent variables i.e. age, gender, marital status, residence and education status of blood donor. The results of study indicated that both Hepatitis B & C are prevalent among 20 – 23 years old persons, males, uneducated people, married and people residing in rural areas of Bahawalpur visiting blood bank of Bahwal Victoria Hospital (BVH) Bahawalpur. So, by providing education to uneducated population and teaching sanitation and careful measures for avoiding hepatitis to married and people residing in rural areas could be a helpful tool in decreasing and controlling hepatitis in this area.
Background: Hepatitis caused by viruses is a serious worldwide health issue that affects 2 to 15 million individuals annually. HCV-infected mothers give birth to an approximately 40,000 children annually, resulting in up to 4000 additional perinatal infected offspring Methodology: This was cross sectional study carried out at Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department, Women and Children Hospital, Charsadda for aperiod of six months from August 2021 to January 2022. Totally 300 pregnant women were included in our study. Blood samples were taken from all the participants and sent to hospital diagnostic laboratory for the diagnosis of hepatitis C virus through immune-chromatographic technique. All the data analysis was carried out by using IBM SPSS version 20. Results: The mean age in our study was 33.12 years with standard deviation of ± 4.11. In our study, hepatitis C virus prevalence was 8.66% (n=26) in pregnant women. In our study, 17 (18.18%) of the HCV positive subjects were observed in age group 18-25 years. While the HCV positive subjects observed in age group 26-35 years, 36-45 years were 6 (4%) and 2 (3.33%) respectively. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the prevalence of hepatitis C amongst pregnant women was 8.66%. Despite the fact that the incidence of hepatitis C was shown to be lower among pregnant females visiting tertiary care hospitals, regular anti-HCV antibody testing of all pregnant females is strongly recommended for prompt identification of illness in mothers and to prevent their transmission to newborns. Keywords: Prevalence; Hepatitis C; Pregnant Women
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