Brassica species are vulnerable to narrow genetic base due to the ignorance
of their wild relatives which possess many superior characters. This study
was aimed to explore the genetic diversity in five Brassica species from U
triangle as well as in their wild relative Eruca sativa. For the complete
insight of genetic diversity, four accessions, each from five species of
genus Brassica along with one species of Eruca collected from different
geographical locations (exotic and indigenous) were selected. Six yield
associated parameters viz., primary branches plant-1, plant height, main
raceme length, silique length, silique width and silique main raceme-1 were
studied. Highly significant variations among all species were observed. Mean
performance showed that wild relative E. sativa was superior for primary
branches plant -1 and plant height, which are the main yield associated
traits. In case of Brassica species, B. campestris gave the lengthiest main
racemes, B. nigra produced more silique main raceme-1 and B. carinata
produced the longest and widest silique.
The European grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) has been cultivated in North America for about 500 years. One of the major limitations to its culture is the powdery mildew (PM) fungus, Erysiphe necator Schw. This study reports on the most extensive screening of Vitis species from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico for resistance to PM, testing 147 accessions of 13 Vitis species. In addition, Vitis vinifera cv. Carignane, a highly susceptible wine grape cultivar, was used as a reference to evaluate the effect of the inoculum 14 days postinoculation. Inoculation was done with a vacuum-operated settling tower using a broadly virulent isolate of E. necator, the C-strain. Resistant accessions (nine), moderately susceptible accessions (39), and highly susceptible accessions (99) were detected. The resistant accessions were then inoculated with an additional fungal isolate, e1-101, and they retained their resistance. Vitis species susceptibility was not associated with a North-South gradation, but Western species were more susceptible than Midwestern and Eastern species. All five of the V. monticola accessions were susceptible, as were the accessions of V. treleasei. The species V. acerifolia, V. candicans, V. cinerea, and V. × doaniana had significantly more resistant to moderately susceptible accessions compared with V. arizonica, V. berlandieri, V. californica, V. × champinii, V. girdiana, V. riparia, and V. rupestris, which had relatively more susceptible accessions than the other species. This research identified new sources of PM resistance in Vitis from the southwestern United States that could be incorporated into PM resistance breeding programs throughout the world.
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