No abstract

The purpose of the present study was to ascertain the frequency of Pap smears abnormalities (SIL/carcinoma) in two populations in the State of S. Paulo (Brazil) who were screened for cervical cancer during the last nine years: adolescents (up to the age of 21) and adults (over 21). Statistical analysis showed a tendency to linear increase in frequency of abnormal Pap smears in both groups (adolescent: slope = 0.118 +/- 0.56; adult: slope = 0.079 +/- 0.021), being greater in the adolescent group (slope 0.039 +/- 0.038) than in the adult group. Between 1987 and 1995 the prevalence of abnormal smears tripled in the adult group (from 0.37 to 1.18) and almost quadruplicated in the adolescent group (from 0.64 to 2.10). Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) were the most frequent findings in cervical cytology in both groups: 92.3% in the adolescent group and 69.8% in the adult group. Few cases of high grade squamous intrapeithelial lesions (HSIL) (7.7%) and no cases of carcinoma were found in adolescent population. We suggested that sexually active adolescents should be included in cervical screening programs.

No abstract

The anterior submaxillary glands of the domestic fowl are paired, compound tubular glands. Each is divided into four lobes and each lobe is composed of branching lobules. Secretory acini are distributed along the lobules and each lobule drains into the oral cavity by a separate duct. The lobules originate as ingrowths of the oral epithelium at the 9-day incubation stage. These primordia later increase in number and length, and become branched. The secretory product is produced by both the acinar and duct cells and is demonstrable at the 14-day incubation stage. It is a mucous secretion containing sulfated mucopolysaccharides and mucoproteins. Sialomucin, if present, could not be demonstrated. The secretory product increases in amount within the cells and lumina during the prehatching period. The duct and acinar cells stain positively for ribonucleic acid and alkaline and acid phosphatase, and possess mitochondria and Golgi bodies. The evolution of these substances and organelles parallels cytogenesis and the rate of elaboration of the secretory product. Lipids are present only as components of the cell organelles.

We studied the incidence of cervical Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) in 65 adolescents aged between 14 and 19 years and 65 adults aged 20 years or more. All subject were more than three months advanced in a normal pregnancy. Two samples for cytology were obtained from each patient, one ecto- and endocervical, with Ayre's spatula and cytobrush, and one only endocervical with cytobrush. The first one was examined after Papanicolaou staining and the second one was examined with the easily performed immunofluorescence reaction to CT (IF)--Microtrak, SYVA. Twenty seven adolescent patients (41.5%) and fourteen adults (21.5%) had a positive IF test for CT; the rate in adolescents was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than in adults. The Papanicolaou (Pap) stained slides, examined blind for evidence of CT infection showed a sensitivity of 70.7%, a specificity of 95.5% and positive and negative predictive values of 87.8% and 87.6% respectively. Seven adolescents showed cytological signs of Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and six of them were also CT positive; five had signs of HPV infection and 4 of them were CT positive.