Cell death is a systematic/nonsystematic process of cessation of normal morphology and functional properties of the cell to replace and recycle old cells with new also promoting inflammation in some cases. It is a complicated process comprising multiple pathways. Some are well-explored, and others have just begun to be. The research on appropriate control of cell death pathways after acute and chronic damage of neuronal cells is being widely researched today due to the lack of regeneration and recovering potential of a neuronal cell after sustaining damage and the inability to control the direction of neuronal growth. In the progression and onset of various neurological diseases, impairments in programmed cell death signaling processes, like necroptosis, apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and pathways directly or indirectly linked, like autophagy as in nonprogrammed necrosis, are observed. Spinal cord injury (SCI) involves the temporary or permanent disruption of motor activities due to the death of a neuronal and glial cell in the spinal cord accompanied by axonal degeneration. Recent years have seen a significant increase in research on the intricate biochemical interactions that occur after a SCI. Different cell death pathways may significantly impact the subsequent damage processes that lead to the eventual neurological deficiency after an injury to the spinal cord. A better knowledge of the molecular basis of the involved cell death pathways might help enhance neuronal and glial survival and neurological deficits, promoting a curative path for SCI.
Anaplastic thyroid cancer is the rarest, most aggressive, and undifferentiated class of thyroid cancer, accounting for nearly forty percent of all thyroid cancer-related deaths. It is caused by alterations in many cellular pathways like MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, ALK, Wnt activation, and TP53 inactivation. Although many treatment strategies, such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy, have been proposed to treat anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, they are usually accompanied by concerns such as resistance, which may lead to the lethality of the patient. The emerging nanotechnology-based approaches cater the purposes such as targeted drug delivery and modulation in drug release patterns based on internal or external stimuli, leading to an increase in drug concentration at the site of the action that gives the required therapeutic action as well as modulation in diagnostic intervention with the help of dye property materials. Nanotechnological platforms like liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, exosomes, and various nanoparticles are available and are of high research interest for therapeutic intervention in anaplastic thyroid cancer. The progression of the disease can also be traced by using magnetic probes or radio-labeled probes and quantum dots that serve as a diagnostic intervention in anaplastic thyroid cancer.
Hypercholesterolemia is a common disorder in developed countries. It refers to abnormalities in lipid metabolism, plasma lipid transport, or a disorder in the synthesis and degradation of plasma lipoproteins which leads to a high level of fat in the blood. The utilization of natural medicines for the treatment of several diseases and disorders dates back to ancient times. A lot of herbal medicines have got their place on the world market as options to the prescribed drugs to manage and treat various ailments. Hypercholesterolemia contributes a lot to the manifestation and development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD). Hypercholesterolemia prevalence continued to increase annually, requiring the development of drugs capable of lowering blood lipids to check death rate and morbidity due to cardiovascular complications. The current review is designed to gather knowledge about the Management and treatment of hypercholesterolemia, using drugs from Natural sources as the cornerstone instrument. Although synthetic lipid-lowering drugs are useful in treating Hypercholesterolemia, there are several adverse effects. So the use of herbal drugs is eminent as the cornerstone tool, for mitigation, prevention, and treatment of Hypercholesterolemia to address the said ailment. This review aims to provide benefits from numerous lipid-lowering agents with minimal or no side effects from natural sources, where the naturally available drugs can be taken as a means of the normal routine diet without any specific care.
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is portrayed as deleterious and redundant condition. Its point-by-point progression is as yet indistinct, albeit accessible proof proposes that perplexing cooperation between inherited tendencies, ecological variable elements, and contorted and heartless responses are the causes behind the advancement of IBD. Late disclosures concerning its innate characteristics have offered a huge effect on the muddled genetic reason, be that as it may, the perceived innate legacy. The components shed light on the overall contrast in malady. It is bit by bit uncovering itself. It is discernible to say, the epigenetic parts can interpose in the association between genetic characteristics and conditions, leading to accepting an essential job in the progression of the ailment. This review encompasses the late inherited and epigenetic disclosures and jobs in IBD, with consideration regarding epigenetic changes noteworthiness in ineptitude because of illness, development, conduct, and colorectal malignant growth (CRC) and its inert capacity translational applications.
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