The profitability of livestock activities can be diminished significantly by the effects of parasites. Economic losses caused by cattle parasites in Brazil were estimated on an annual basis, considering the total number of animals at risk and the potential detrimental effects of parasitism on cattle productivity. Estimates in U.S. dollars (USD) were based on reported yield losses among untreated animals and reflected some of the effects of parasitic diseases. Relevant parasites that affect cattle productivity in Brazil, and their economic impact in USD billions include: gastrointestinal nematodes - $7.11; cattle tick (Rhipicephalus(Boophilus) microplus) - $3.24; horn fly (Haematobia irritans) - $2.56; cattle grub (Dermatobia hominis) - $0.38; New World screwworm fly (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - $0.34; and stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) - $0.34. The combined annual economic loss due to internal and external parasites of cattle in Brazil considered here was estimated to be at least USD 13.96 billion. These findings are discussed in the context of methodologies and research that are required in order to improve the accuracy of these economic impact assessments. This information needs to be taken into consideration when developing sustainable policies for mitigating the impact of parasitism on the profitability of Brazilian cattle producers.
Here, economic losses caused by cattle parasites in Mexico were estimated on an annual basis. The main factors taken into consideration for this assessment included the total number of animals at risk, potential detrimental effects of parasitism on milk production or weight gain, and records of condemnation on livestock byproducts. Estimates in US dollars (US$) were based on reported yield losses in untreated animals. These estimates reflect the major effects on cattle productivity of six parasites, or RESUMENLas pérdidas económicas causadas por parásitos del bovino en México se calcularon anualmente. Los principales factores considerados para esta evaluación incluyeron el número total de animales a riesgo, los posibles efectos dañinos del parasitismo sobre la producción de leche o ganancia de peso, y los decomisos de subproductos pecuarios. Las pérdidas económicas fueron estimadas en dólares americanos (US$) y se basaron en las pérdidas del rendimiento productivo de animales no tratados. Estas estimaciones reflejan los principales efectos de seis parásitos o grupos de parásitos sobre la producción bovina. El impacto económico potencial (millones de dólares) fue: nematodos gastrointestinales US$ 445.10; coccidias (Eim eria spp.) US$ 23.78; duelas del hígado (Fasciola hepatica) US$ 130.91; garrapatas (Rhipicephalus m icroplus) US$ 573.61; mosca de los cuernos (Haem atobia irritans) US$ 231.67; y mosca de los establos (Stom ox ys calcitrans) US$ 6.79. En general, las pérdidas anuales causadas por los seis principales parásitos del bovino en México se estimaron en US$ 1.41 mil millones. Considerando que la población bovina nacional en 2013 fue de 32.40 millones de bovinos, la pérdida anual estimada fue de US$ 43.57 por animal. Se hace mención de las limitaciones que tienen el uso de algunas referencias para las estimaciones, particularmente cuando se extrapolan situaciones locales a una escala nacional. Sin embargo, el resultado general obtenido en este estudio demuestra la magnitud e importancia del parasitismo en el ganado de México y los desafíos para maximizar la rentabilidad de la industria ganadera sin recurrir al uso de estrategias de control integrado sustentable de parásitos.
Pesq. Vet. Bras. 29(3):253-257, março 2009 RESUMO.-[Inquérito sobre práticas de manejo e controle das helmintoses em éguas no Brasil.] Vinte nove haras foram selecionados na região do Médio Paraíba, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, os responsáveis pelos animais entrevistados e amostras fecais de éguas foram coletadas e submetidas às técnicas de OPG, Coprocultura, Sedimentocentrifugo-flutuação, Ueno e Baermann modificadas. A prevalência dos helmintos para as éguas e haras foi calculada. A capacidade de suporte, a troca de cama nas baias, a ausência da rotação do pasto, a ausência do tecnificação na propriedade e menor freqüência do tratamento dos animais foram associadas à prevalência maior dos helmintos, indicando que estas variáveis devem ser consideradas em programas de controle dos helmintos de eqüinos. A intensidade do parasitismo foi também associado à capacidade de suporte do pasto, à ausência de esterqueira, à presença dos animais somente nos pastos, à ausência do tecnificação na propriedade, à menos freqüência do tratamento e à ausên-cia de uso da rotação da classe anti-helmintica. TERMOS DE INDEXAÇÃO: Praticas de manejo e controle, helmintos, tratamento, eqüinos. INTRODUCTIONInternal parasites are a significant threat to the health of horses. Horses are susceptible to more than 60 internal parasites and may harbor several species of worms at any time. (Stoltenow & Purdy 2003). Helminths are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in equines, and the prevalence of infection with these parasites is high enough to clinical parasitism (Proudman & Mattews 2000). In Brazil, in spite of the enormous population of horses, there are few studies on equine helminth control. Also, limited information is available concerning risk factors for worm infection. Twenty-nine stud farms were selected in the Medium Paraíba region of the Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. After an interview with the person responsible for the animals, faecal samples were collected from mares and analyzed via the EPG technique, faecal cultures, Sedimentation-centrifugo-flotation, and modified Ueno and Baermann techniques. The prevalence of helminths in the mares and in the stud farms was calculated. The stocking rates of pasture, change of horse bedding, absence of pasture rotation, absence of technology in the property, and less frequent treatment of the animals were associated with a greater prevalence of helminths, showing that these variables must be considered in equine control programs. The intensity of the parasitism was also associated with the stocking rate of pasture, absence of dunghill, presence of the animals only in paddocks, lack of technology in the property, less frequent treatment of the animals, and absence of the use of rotation regarding the anthelmintic class.
ResumoA freqüência das larvas de Dermatobia hominis foi avaliada em gado com aptidão leiteira, mestiço (Zebu X Holandês), a cada 30 dias, durante 24 meses. O experimento realizou-se no município de Vassouras, estado do Rio de Janeiro, no período de outubro de 1996 a setembro de 1998. As maiores infestações ocorreram na estação chuvosa do ano de 1996, nos meses de óutubro, novembro e dezembro, com uma média de 27,61arvas por animal. A região do corpo bovino mais afetada foi o costado, com 39,93% das infestações.Palavras-chave: Dermatobia hominis; bovinos; epidemiologia; Estado do Rio de Janeiro. AbstractThe frequency of Dermatobia hominis larva e on cattle was estimated in 1 O crossbred Zebu X Holstein animais from Vassouras city, Rio de Janeiro State -Brazil, for the period of October 1996 to September 1998. Counts were performed at 30-day intervals. High infestations were found during the rainy season, in October, November and December-1996, with an average o f 27,6 larvae for animal. On animal bodies the higher infestations were found on the broadside, with 39,93%.
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