The combined impact of new computing resources and techniques with an increasing avalanche of large datasets, is transforming many research areas and may lead to technological breakthroughs that can be used by billions of people. In the recent years, Machine Learning and especially its subfield Deep Learning have seen impressive advances. Techniques developed within these two fields are now able to analyze and learn from huge amounts of real world examples in a disparate formats. While the number of Machine Learning algorithms is extensive and growing, their implementations through frameworks and libraries is also extensive and growing too. The software development in this field is fast paced with a large number of open-source software coming from the academy, industry, start-ups or wider open-source communities. This survey presents a recent time-slide comprehensive overview with comparisons as well as trends in development and usage of cutting-edge Artificial Intelligence software. It also provides an overview of massive parallelism support that is capable of scaling computation effectively and efficiently in the era of Big Data.
The amount of semantic data on the web has been growing rapidly in recent years. One of the key challenges triggered by this growth is the ad-hoc querying, i.e., the ability to retrieve answers from semantic resources using natural language queries. This facilitates interaction with semantic resources for the users so they can benefit from the knowledge covered by semantic data without the complexities of semantic query languages. In this paper, we focus on semantic queries, where the aim is to retrieve objects belonging to a set of semantically related entities. An example of such an adhoc type query is "Apollo astronauts who walked on the Moon". In order to address the task, we propose the SemSets retrieval model that exploits and combines traditional document-based information retrieval, link structure of the semantic data and entity membership in semantic sets, in order to provide the answers. The novelty of the approach lies in the utilization of semantic sets, i.e., groups of semantically related entities. We propose two approaches to identify such semantic sets from the knowledge bases; the first one requires involvement of an expert user knowledgeable of the data set structure, the second one is fully automatic and provides results that are comparable with those delivered by the expert users. As demonstrated in the experimental evaluation, the proposed model has the state-of-the-art performance on the SemSearch2011 data set, which has been designed especially for the semantic list search evaluation.
Abstract. Automated annotation of the web documents is a key challenge of the Semantic Web effort. Web documents are structured but their structure is understandable only for a human that is the major problem of the Semantic Web. Semantic Web can be exploited only if metadata understood by a computer reach critical mass. Semantic metadata can be created manually, using automated annotation or tagging tools. Automated semantic annotation tools with the best results are built on different machine learning algorithms requiring training sets. Another approach is to use pattern based semantic annotation solutions built on NLP, information retrieval or information extraction methods. Most of developed methods are tested and evaluated on hundreds of documents which cannot prove its real usage on large scale data such as web or email communication in enterprise or community environment. In this paper we present how a pattern based annotation tool can benefit from Google's MapReduce architecture to process large amount of text data.
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