Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) with significant morbidity and mortality. We reported and compared the clinical and para‐clinical findings of immunocompromised and immunocompetent COVID‐19 patients in a case‐control study at the Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran, Iran. Methods In this study, 107 immunocompromised COVID‐19 patients were recruited as the case group, and 107 immunocompetent COVID‐19 patients as the control group. The participants were matched based on age and sex. The patients' information was retrieved from the hospital records in an information sheet. Associations between clinical and para‐clinical findings with the immune status were assessed using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results The initial pulse rate and recovery time were significantly higher in immunocompromised patients ( p < .05). Myalgia, nausea/vomiting, loss of appetite, headache, and dizziness were more frequently reported by the control group ( p < .05). Regarding the prescribed medications' duration, Sofosbovir was used longer in the case group, while Ribavirin was used longer in the control groups ( p < .05). The most common complication in the case group was acute respiratory distress syndrome, although no major complications were observed in the control group. According to the multivariate analysis, recovery time and Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra) prescription were significantly higher in the immunocompromised compared to the immunocompetent group. Conclusion Recovery time was significantly longer in the immunocompromised compared to the immunocompetent group, which emphasizes the necessity of prolonged care in these high‐risk patients. Also, it is recommended to investigate the effect of novel therapeutic interventions to reduce the recovery time in addition to improving the prognosis of immunodeficient patients with COVID‐19.
Background: The outbreak of 2019-novel coronavirus has led to a high demand for finding effective antiviral agents. Preliminary experiments showed that Arbidol could inhibit coronavirus replication in vivo. There is limited data on the clinical efficacy of 2019-novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (NCP). Therefore, we aimed to evaluate this medication based on clinical and laboratory results.Methods: The present study was designed as a clinical trial to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of this medicine compared to empirical treatment. For this purpose, multi-stage sampling was considered. 56 people were selected by accidental non-random sampling method. This sample size was subsequently divided into two groups by randomized block sampling (1:1). During the study, three patients left the case group. Their clinical symptoms were examined while taking these medicines in the disease course. The SPSS software was used for data analysis and the significance level was considered to be P<0.05.Results: On the seventh day, there were statistically significant differences in dry cough(p = 0.001), weakness(p = 0.004), gastrointestinal symptoms(p = 0.043) and shortness of breath (p = 0.001) between the two groups, and the Arbidol group had a faster recovery. During the disease course, there were statistically significant differences in Myalgia(p = 0.03), gastrointestinal symptoms(p = 0.047), and weakness(p = 0.007) were significantly different between the two groups.Conclusion: Symptoms improved faster in patients with mild to moderate disease who received Arbidol in their treatment regimen. In other words, adding Arbidol to the empirical treatment accelerated the recovery process of patients’ clinical symptoms.Registration: IR.TUMS.VCR.REC.1399.204, 04.13.2020 , http://ethics.research.ac.ir/IR.TUMS.VCR.REC.1399.204
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with significant morbidity and mortality. We reported and compared the clinical and para-clinical findings of immunocompromised and immunocompetent COVID-19 patients in a case-control study at the Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran, Iran.Methods: A total of 107 immunocompromised COIVD patients as the case group and 107 immunocompetent COVID patients as the control group was recruited in the study. The participants were matched based on age, and sex. The patients’ information was retrieved from the hospital records in an information sheet. Associations between clinical and para-clinical findings with the immune status were assessed using bivariate and multivariate analyses. The clinical trial registration number is not applicable.Results: The initial pulse rate and recovery time were significantly higher in immunocompromised patients (P <0.05). Myalgia, nausea/vomiting, loss of appetite, headache, and vertigo were more frequently reported by the control group (P <0.05). In terms of the duration of prescribed medications, Sofosbovir time was longer in the case group; while Ribavirin time was longer in the control groups (P <0.05). The most common complication in the case group was ARDS although no major complications were observed in the control group. In the multivariate analysis, recovery time and Kaletra prescription were significantly higher in immunocompromised compared to the immunocompetent group. Conclusions: Recovery time was significantly higher in the immunocompromised compared to the immunocompetent group. This informs the current practice of dominant COVID-19 clinical course in immunocompromised patients and communicates the related implications.
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