In the one compartment electrochemical cell 2-hydroxy-2-p-tolyl-butyric acid methyl ester was electrosynthesized by electrochemical carboxylation of p-methylpropiophenone in the presence of carbon dioxide. Under galvanostatic conditions, the electrocarboxylation was influenced by supporting electrolytes, cathode materials, the current density, passed charge and temperatures. Application scope of the eletrocarboxylation system was then examined, and an excellent yield of 97% was obtained when the electrolysis was carried out in DMF-0.1 mol•L -1TEABr solution using cheap and environmentally benign nickel as the cathode under a controlled current density of 5.0 mA•cm -2 until 2.8 F•mol -1 charge passed through the cell at -10 ℃. The electrochemical behavior of p-methoxylacetophenone has been studied on the glassy carbon electrode by cyclic voltammetry and the probable mechanism was proposed accordingly.
An active catalyst, [Cu]@Ag composite, was synthesized for the first time and used as a cathode for electrocarboxylation of cinnamyl chloride with CO 2 . b,g-Unsaturated carboxylic acids were obtained with excellent yield and moderate selectivity. Moreover, reasonable yields and selectivities of carboxylic acids were also achieved with several allylic halides and aryl halides.Scheme 1 Regiodivergency in allyl electrophiles and our concept of the allylation of CO 2 .
Porous hydroxyapatite (HA) matrices with high porosity were prepared through a high temperature sintering method by using HA powder as raw material, polystyrene (PS) microspheres as pore-forming agents and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution as adhesive. The characterization of HA was carried out by a series of techniques including XRD, FT-IR, FESEM and BET, and showed that the morphology and structure of porous HA material were closely related to the amount of PS and PVA. The adsorption capability for Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ in aqueous solution showed that the porous HA possessed a selective and strong uptake of Pb2+ ions and the adsorption efficiency reached 99.8% in 10 min.
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