The unique study of TiO 2 sol-gel modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) nanocomposites have been developed for electrochemical sensor detecting fipronil pesticide compound. We develop the easy synthesized TiO 2 via a sol-gel method and modified in CPE which applied electrochemical system as cyclic voltammetry (CV) because the concentration is proportional with current peaks. We discover the TiO 2 optimal mass used of 0.1 g which is compared with 0.7 g carbon and 0.3 mL paraffin. It has high-current anodic (Ip a) of 1.13×10 3 μA and high-current cathodic (Ip c)-0.96×10 3 μA in scan rate of 0.5 V/s. The limit of detection (LOD) of fipronil has been determined of 34.0×10-5 μM in percent recovery of 0.8%. Its high-stability for lifetime TiO 2-CPE nanocomposites was expressed for 13 days which mean that can be used for detecting fipronil pesticide.
There are still few reports of secondary metabolites from lichens Usnea sp. as an antidiabetic agent. Based on data from the International Diabetes Federation 15) , the prevalence of global diabetes is expected to increase by 552 million by 2030. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) 16) also reports that diabetes mellitus is the seventhlargest cause of death. One of the essential therapeutic methods for reducing plasma glucose levels is to inhibit α-glucosidase activity 17−19) . Several previous studies have reported the potential of lichen exploration as a good antidiabetic agent. The α-amylase inhibition test which has shown a positive potency there are 22 types of lichen, such us Ramalina conduplicans,
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