BACKGROUND: Leptin, a hormone which is produced by adipose tissue, has been shown to inhibit food intake and increase energy expenditure. In humans, leptin levels are correlated with body fat. In addition, leptin levels decline in subjects who lose weight. Yet few data exist on whether leptin levels predict weight change, except for a recent report suggesting that low leptin levels predict weight gain in very obese middle-aged Pima Indians. METHODS: We have examined the association between baseline leptin levels and subsequent weight gain over 3.25 y in 180 non-diabetic participants in the Mexico City Diabetes Study. RESULTS: At baseline, the correlation between leptin levels and body mass index (BMI) was 0.712 in men and 0.691 in women (both P`0.001). Subjects were matched on age (AE 2 y), gender and BMI (AE 2 kgam 2 ) at baseline. Baseline BMI was 25.3 kgam 2 in men and 27.2 kgam 2 in women. Baseline leptin levels (ngaml) did not predict weight gain in either men (weight gainers: 4.3; weight stable: 5.8; and weight losers: 5.2) or women (weight gainers: 17.4; weight stable: 17.7; and weight losers: 17.4). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that baseline leptin levels did not predict weight change in moderately obese individuals.
A table elsewhere in this issue shows conventional and Système International (SI) units and conversion factors for many substances. The Diabetes Prevention ProgramBaseline characteristics of the randomized cohort O R I G I N A L A R T I C L EOBJECTIVE -The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) is a 27-center randomized clinical trial designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of interventions that may delay or prevent development of diabetes in people at increased risk for type 2 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Eligibility requirements were age Ն25 years, BMI Ն24 kg/m 2 (Ն22 kg/m 2 for Asian-Americans), and impaired glucose tolerance plus a fasting plasma glucose of 5.3-6.9 mmol/l (or Յ6.9 mmol for American Indians). Randomization of participants into the DPP over 2.7 years ended in June 1999. Baseline data for the three treatment groups-intensive lifestyle modification, standard care plus metformin, and standard care plus placebo-are presented for the 3,234 participants who have been randomized.RESULTS -Of all participants, 55% were Caucasian, 20% were African-American, 16% were Hispanic, 5% were American Indian, and 4% were Asian-American. Their average age at entry was 51 ± 10.7 years (mean ± SD), and 67.7% were women. Moreover, 16% were Ͻ40 years of age, and 20% were Ն60 years of age. Of the women, 48% were postmenopausal. Men and women had similar frequencies of history of hypercholesterolemia (37 and 33%, respectively) or hypertension (29 and 26%, respectively). On the basis of fasting lipid determinations, 54% of men and 40% of women fit National Cholesterol Education Program criteria for abnormal lipid profiles. More men than women were current or former cigarette smokers or had a history of coronary heart disease. Furthermore, 66% of men and 71% of women had a firstdegree relative with diabetes. Overall, BMI averaged 34.0 ± 6.7 kg/m 2 at baseline with 57% of the men and 73% of women having a BMI Ն30 kg/m 2 . Average fasting plasma glucose (6.0 ± 0.5 mmol/l) and HbA 1c (5.9 ± 0.5%) in men were comparable with values in women (5.9 ± 0.4 mmol/l and 5.9 ± 0.5%, respectively).CONCLUSIONS -The DPP has successfully randomized a large cohort of participants with a wide distribution of age, obesity, and ethnic and racial backgrounds who are at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes. The study will examine the effects of interventions on the development of diabetes.
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