Measurements of trace elements leached from host rocks can indicate the source of flowing groundwater and provide the host rock's fingerprint information that may be useful in understanding the mixing patterns of different groundwaters and flowpaths. In this study, the leaching characteristics of three widely-distributed aquifer host rocks in Southern Nevada were investigated through leaching experiments of 13 trace elements under different experimental conditions (leaching time, pH, grain size, and rock mineralogy). The fraction of leached trace elements from different aquifer host rocks was calculated for examining the water-rock interaction in different conditions. The effect of host rock mineralogy on leachate composition was examined, which could provide useful information about groundwater source. Solute speciation and saturation indices were simulated using geochemical modeling to further explore the redistribution and leaching process of trace elements.
Abstract. Clustered microcalcifications (MCs) are detected in digital mammograms using SUSAN edge detector and adaptive contrast thresholding technique. MC clusters are found using spatial filters. Based on that a computer aided diagnostic prompting system is developed which achieves 97.4 % of true positive clusters at very low false positive rates according to the trial of 100 patches with the signs of both benign and malignant nature taken from the DDSM database mammograms
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