Objective: many potential factors contribute to the outbreak of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of various meteorological factors on the incidence of COVID-19. Methods:Taking Hubei province of China as an example, where COVID-19 was first reported and there were the most cases, we collected 53 days of cases up to March 10(total 67773 confirmed cases).COVID-19 confirmed cases were retrieved from the official website of Hubei Health Commission. Ten meteorological parameters were provided by China meteorological administration, including average pressure (hPa), average temperature ( ), maximum temperature, minimum temperature ( ), average water vapor pressure (hPa), average relative humidity (%),etc.Cross correlation analysis and linear regression were used to judge the relationship of . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) : medRxiv preprint meteorological factors and increment of COVID-19 confirmed cases. Results:Under 95% CI, the increment of confirmed cases in Hubei were significantly correlated with four meteorological parameters of average pressure, average temperature, minimum temperature and average water vapor pressure (equivalent to absolute humidity).The average pressure was positively correlated with the increment ( r=+0.358,p=0.010).The negative correlations included average temperature (r=-0.306,p=0.029), minimum air temperature (r=-0.347,p=0.013), average water vapor pressure (r=-0.326,p=0.020). The linear regression results show if minimum temperature increases by 1 , the incremental confirmed cases in Hubei decreases by 72.470 units on average. Conclusion:The incidence of COVID-19 was significantly correlated with average pressure, average temperature, minimum temperature and average water vapor pressure. It is positively correlated with the average pressure and negatively correlated with the other three parameters. Compared with relative humidity, 2019-nCov is more sensitive to water vapor pressure. The reason why the epidemic situation in Hubei expanded rapidly is significantly related to the climate characteristics of low temperature and dryness of Hubei in winter.
SUMMARY STATEMENTTo study the hierarchical development mechanism of avian follicle, new strategies can be found to improve the egg production of low-yielding poultry, such as geese. ABSTRACTThe egg production of poultry depends on follicular development and selection.However, the mechanism of selecting the priority of hierarchical follicles is completely unknown. Smad9 is one of the important transcription factors in BMP/Smads pathway and involved in goose follicular initiation. To explore its potential role in goose follicle hierarchy determination, we first blocked Smad9 expression using BMP typeⅠreceptor inhibitor LDN-193189 both in vivo and in vitro.Unexpectedly, LDN-193189 administration could dramatically suppress Smad9 level and elevate egg production (7.08 eggs / bird, P< 0.05) of animals, and the estradiol (E 2 ) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) level were significantly increased (P< 0.05), but the progesterone (P 4 ) and follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint (which . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/213546 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Nov. 3, 2017; mRNA remain unchanged. Surprisingly, Smad9 knockdown notably attenuated (P< 0.05) in E 2 , P 4 , FSHR and LHR level in goose granulosa cells (gGCs). Further chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay of gGCs revealed that Smad9, served as a sensor of balance, bound to the LHR promoter regulating its transcription. These findings demonstrated that Smad9 is differentially expressed in goose follicles, and acts as a key player in controlling goose follicular selection.
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