Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Menschen mit Behinderung zählen zu Bevölkerungsgruppen in vulnerabler Lebenslage und wurden in der Forschung zum Gesundheitsbewusstsein und zur Gesundheitskompetenz bisher selten berücksichtigt. Ziel der Studie ist es daher, das Gesundheitsbewusstsein und die Gesundheitskompetenz von Menschen mit Behinderung in Einrichtungen der Eingliederungshilfe in Deutschland erstmals durch Selbstbeurteilung mithilfe eines Fragebogens in Leichter Sprache zu erfassen.
Material und Methoden
Das Datenmaterial wurde in 19 Einrichtungen der Eingliederungs- und Behindertenhilfe bei Menschen mit Lernschwierigkeiten, psychischer, chronischer sowie körperlicher Behinderung in Deutschland erhoben (N = 351). Das Gesundheitsbewusstsein und die Gesundheitskompetenz wurden mittels Fragebogen in Leichter Sprache erfasst. Uni- und bivariate Analysen wurden durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse
Ein niedriges Gesundheitsbewusstsein geben 38,9 % der Befragten, insbesondere in der Dimension Eigenverantwortung und Achtsamkeit, an. Hinsichtlich der Gesundheitskompetenz berichten knapp 64,0 % Schwierigkeiten im Umgang mit gesundheitsbezogenen Informationen, wobei der prozentuale Anteil in den Dimensionen Prävention und Krankheitsbewältigung der Gesundheitskompetenz am höchsten ausfällt. Befragte mit einem niedrigen Gesundheitsbewusstsein geben häufiger Schwierigkeiten im Umgang mit Gesundheitsinformationen an.
Schlussfolgerung
Die Studie verdeutlicht einen Bedarf zur Förderung des Gesundheitsbewusstseins und der Gesundheitskompetenz im Setting der Eingliederungs- und Behindertenhilfe. Maßnahmen zur Stärkung des Gesundheitsbewusstseins und der Gesundheitskompetenz sollten zielgruppenspezifisch und unter Beteiligung der Bedarfsgruppen (z. B. partizipative Entwicklung von Informationsmaterialien zu gesundheitsbezogenen Themen) erfolgen.
Background
Health care facilities (i.e., hospitals, care facilities and integration assistance) play an important role in providing health-related information and strengthening health literacy (HL) of patients/clients, staff and at the organizational level. The project “Development of Health Literacy in Health Care Facilities (EwiKo)’ aims at implementing tools to promote and strengthen organizational health literacy (OHL) in health care institutions in Germany. Objectives are 1) to assess needs for strengthening OHL in pilot facilities and 2) to examine factors that are beneficial to strengthen OHL in health care facilities.
Methods
N = 6 pilot institutions (n = 2 hospitals, n = 2 care homes for elderly people, n = 2 facilities for people with disabilities) and their members of the “working groups on HL” filled in a self-assessment tool to assess the level of OHL, accompanied by focus group interviews (n = 6-9 persons per pilot facility). Regarding conducive and obstructive factors when implementing tools to strengthen OHL, focus group interviews (n = 6-9 persons per pilot facility) and semi-structured interviews (n = 1 coordinator per organization) were conducted.
Results
Results of the self-assessment tool showed a need to strengthen OHL in all types of health care facilities, particularly in the fields of action ‘training of employees in HL tools’, “communication” and ‘participatory development and testing of documents, materials and services on HL’. Results of the focus group interviews showed a special need to strengthen OHL in the area ‘HL of employees’. Beneficial factors by implementing tools to strengthen OHL are, for instance a supporting management, resources, a participatory approach and trainings by the project team.
Conclusions
Due to the ongoing corona pandemic and accompanying challenges (e.g., personnel resources), it is comprehensible that health care facilities emphasize a need for strengthening HL of employees.
Introduction
Health care organizations (HCO) are increasingly required to provide health literate structures and processes to strengthen organizational health literacy (OHL). So far, little is known about the extent of OHL in HCO in Germany. Aims are therefore 1) to examine the level of OHL in health care organizations, and 2) to investigate the impact of organizations level of health prevention and workplace health promotion on the level of OHL.
Methods
Analyses are based on a nationwide cross-sectional study (online survey) among management staff (N = 564) in HCO (hospitals, nursing homes, facilities for disabled people). OHL was measured by the German version of the ‘Health literate health care organization 10 item questionnaire’ (HLHO-10). Health prevention and workplace health promotion were operationalized by the “Worksite Health Promotion Capacity Instrument’ (WHPCI). Uni- and bivariate analyses were carried out, on an item-basis and as an index (median-split).
Results
Regarding OHL, 55.1 % of the health care organizations reported below-average levels of OHL. On an item-basis, the highest below-average levels were given for the standard ‘communication’ (59.1 %) and the ‘provision of information to patients/residents via various media’ (57.4 %). Regarding the level of health prevention (51.8 %) and the existence of workplace health promotion structures (55.7 %), more than half of HCO reported a below-average level. In addition, results showed that HCO that indicate a below-average level of prevention and few structures of workplace health promotion also revealed a below-average level of OHL.
Conclusions
There is need to strengthen OHL in German HCO.
Key messages
• HCO are required to strengthen HLO, particular in communication and participatory approaches.
• A higher level of prevention and workplace health promotion on HCO can contribute to the implementation of OHL initiatives.
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