Several African countries including Nigeria have been battling with public health challenges for decades. Nigeria is currently facing several public health emergencies including cholera, circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus infection, cerebrospinal meningitis, monkey pox, measles, Lassa fever, and Yellow fever outbreaks in some states, as well as a humanitarian crisis in the northeast region of the country. Sporadic outbreaks of Yellow fever have been occurring in the country since September 2017 involving all thirty six states of the Federation, resulting in about 90 deaths (case fatality rate of 2.2%) and 31 deaths among confirmed cases (case fatality rate of 19.0%). Although, there is currently no specific treatment for Yellow fever, vaccination with the Yellow fever vaccine provides life-long protection, and is the most important means of preventing the disease. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine, the re-emergence of Yellow fever is directly correlated with its continuous dissemination in several countries to date. Timely detection of Yellow fever and rapid response through emergency vaccination campaigns are essential for controlling outbreaks. Vector surveillance and control are important components of reducing transmission in epidemic situations. This review attempts to provide update information on the current situation of Yellow fever in Nigeria with highlights on the history, pathogenesis and diagnosis of the disease.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a novel gastro retentive oral floating in situ gelling system for controlled release of Meloxicam. Meloxicam is an NSAID that inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) synthesis and has analgesic and antipyretic effects. Methods: Four polymer based floating in situ gelling systems of Meloxicam were prepared by dissolving varying concentrations of different ingredients including sodium alginate, HPMC K100M, calcium carbonate, sodium citrate. The prepared gels were characterized for solution viscosity, pH, gelling capacity, floating lag time, floating duration and in-vitro release study. Results: The formulations possessed satisfactory pH value ranging from 7.25±0.09 to 8.12±0.49. All the formulations showed instant gelation maintaining integrity for at least 12 h. Maximum drug release was shown by formulations of batch G1 (94.38%). Conclusion: The study demonstrated that a stomach specific in-situ gel of Meloxicam could be prepared using the floating mechanism to increase the residence time of the drug in the stomach and improve bioavailability and thus improve patient compliance.

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