Gliomas display cellular hierarchies with self-renewing tumorigenic glioma stem cells (GSCs) at the apex. The GSC niches function as a regulator of GSC maintenance, however, the exact components of GSC niches that mediate this process are still far from fully defined. Here, we showed that glioma cells with aberrant mesenchymal phenotypes constitute a mesenchymal niche for GSCs. Using patient-derived specimens, we demonstrated that the paracrine PGI signaling, initiated by mesenchymal glioma cells, induces the self-renewal and tumorigenic potentials of GSCs through induction of KLF4. Treatment of intracranial orthotopic xenografts with shPGI or shKLF4 leads to less lethal potency. Our data therefore suggest that blockade of the PGI-KLF4 pathway may provide a therapeutic strategy against GSC niches.
ABSTRACT. Understanding how microbial community composition and diversity respond to continuous cropping obstacle is not well understood. However, determining the community composition vs assessing the diversity of molecular operational taxonomic units is often difficult. In this study, we focused on the microbial diversity and niche differentiation in rhizosphere soils between healthy and diseased cotton using a molecular approach based on a culture-independent method. A total of 124 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from 1076 DNA fragments were detected, including 46, 57, and 21 OTUs from fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes, respectively. The identified OTUs were confirmed by sequencing after polymerase chain reaction-restriction 1603 Microflora of healthy/diseased cotton rhizosphere soil ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 14 (1): 1602-1611 (2015) fragment length polymorphism analysis. The number of OTUs from Fusarium species in diseased rhizosphere soils was higher than that in healthy rhizosphere, which was consistent with field observations. Overall, the results showed that microbes in healthy rhizosphere soils were more diverse and occupied a wider niche in the healthy rhizosphere soil environment of the cotton field. Beneficial microbes should further be analyzed in studies examining the soil ecology of fields in which continuous cropping of cotton takes place.
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